Hallucinations in Children and Adolescents: An Updated Review and Practical Recommendations for Clinicians

Maijer, Kim; Hayward, Mark; Fernyhough, Charles; Calkins, Monica E.; Debbané, Martin; Jardri, Renaud; Kelleher, Ian; Raballo, Andrea; Rammou, Aikaterini; Scott, James G.; Shinn, Ann K.; Steenhuis, Laura A.; Wolf, Daniel H.; Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A.

doi:10.1093/schbul/sby119

Cited by 55 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Hallucinations are frequently observed in children and adolescents in both clinical and nonclinical contexts. 36 , 37 A phenomenological analysis of the hallucinations reported in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) childhood-onset schizophrenia cohort revealed that the number of sensory modalities involved may serve as an indicator of the neurodevelopmental weight of the disorder. 26 This idea of MMHs as a proxy of developmental vulnerability was also confirmed in a case series showing that the number of sensory modalities involved in early-onset hallucinations was related to the probability that a given child ever experienced prior traumatic events.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations

Montagnese

Leptourgos

Fernyhough

et al. 2020

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Hallucinations can occur in different sensory modalities, both simultaneously and serially in time. They have typically been studied in clinical populations as phenomena occurring in a single sensory modality. Hallucinatory experiences occurring in multiple sensory systems—multimodal hallucinations (MMHs)—are more prevalent than previously thought and may have greater adverse impact than unimodal ones, but they remain relatively underresearched. Here, we review and discuss: (1) the definition and categorization of both serial and simultaneous MMHs, (2) available assessment tools and how they can be improved, and (3) the explanatory power that current hallucination theories have for MMHs. Overall, we suggest that current models need to be updated or developed to account for MMHs and to inform research into the underlying processes of such hallucinatory phenomena. We make recommendations for future research and for clinical practice, including the need for service user involvement and for better assessment tools that can reliably measure MMHs and distinguish them from other related phenomena.

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations

Montagnese

Leptourgos

Fernyhough

et al. 2020

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…Although AVH are relatively common among adolescents in the general population (prevalence ranging from 7.3% to 12.4%) [4-6], 34% of adolescents with AVH and psychopathology have had at least one suicide attempt compared to 13% of adolescents without AVH [7]. This emphasizes the need to further investigate AVH in youth to better identify individuals with need for care and learn more about the underlying mechanisms causing this phenomenon [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Acceptability of Using a Mobile Phone App for Characterizing Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Adolescents With Early-Onset Psychosis: Exploratory Study

et al. 2019

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Background Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are the most frequent symptom in early-onset psychosis (EOP) and a risk factor for increased suicide attempts in adolescents. Increased knowledge of AVH characteristics can lead to better prediction of risk and precision of diagnosis and help identify individuals with AVH who need care. As 98% of Norwegian adolescents aged 12 to 16 years own a mobile phone, the use of mobile phone apps in symptom assessment and patient communication is a promising new tool. However, when introducing new technology to patients, their subjective experiences are crucial in identifying risks, further development, and potential integration into clinical care. Objective The objective was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a newly developed mobile phone app in adolescents with EOP by examining compliance with the app and user experiences. Indication of validity was explored by examining associations between AVH dimensions, which were correlated and analyzed. Methods Three adolescents with EOP and active AVH were enrolled. Real-time AVH were logged on an iPod touch using the experience sampling method (ESM), for seven or more consecutive days. The app included five dimensions of AVH characteristics and was programmed with five daily notifications. Feasibility and acceptability were examined using the mean response rate of data sampling and by interviewing the participants. Validity was assessed by examining associations between the AVH dimensions using nonparametric correlation analysis and by visual inspection of temporal fluctuations of the AVH dimensions. Results One participant was excluded from the statistical analyses but completed the interview and was included in the examination of acceptability. The sampling period of the two participants was mean 12 (SD 6) days with overall completed sampling rate of 74% (SD 30%), indicating adequate to high compliance with the procedure. The user experiences from the interviews clustered into four categories: (1) increased awareness, (2) personal privacy, (3) design and procedure, and (4) usefulness and clinical care. One participant experienced more commenting voices during the sampling period, and all three participants had concerns regarding personal privacy when using electronic devices in symptom assessment. The AVH dimensions of content, control, and influence showed moderate to strong significant correlations with all dimensions ( P <.001). Days of data sampling showed weak to moderate correlations with localization ( P <.001) and influence ( P =.03). Visual inspection indicated that the app was able to capture fluctuations within and across days for all AVH dimensions. Conclusions This study demonstrates the value of including patients’ experiences in the development and pilot-testing of new technology. Based on the...

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“…In the first article, Maijer et al 4 present a summary of the issues that have dominated the field on hallucinatory experiences in children and adolescents since the last 2014 ICHR review on the topic. 5 Notably, the study warns us to be careful about an overreliance on the significance of terminology such as “persistence” given the varied trajectories of symptoms across psychotic, affective, anxiety, autistic and personality disorders, and the behavioral and functioning spectrum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallucination Research: Into the Future, and Beyond

Jardri

Larøi

Waters

2019

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Hallucinations in Children and Adolescents: An Updated Review and Practical Recommendations for Clinicians

Cited by 55 publications

References 103 publications

A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations

A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations

Feasibility and Acceptability of Using a Mobile Phone App for Characterizing Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Adolescents With Early-Onset Psychosis: Exploratory Study

Hallucination Research: Into the Future, and Beyond

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