Haloacetonitriles vs. Regulated Haloacetic Acids:  Are Nitrogen-Containing DBPs More Toxic?

Muellner, Mark G.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Mccalla, Kristin; Richardson, Susan D.; Woo, Yin Tak; Plewa, Michael J.

doi:10.1021/es0617441

Cited by 643 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The DON contents in AOM can contribute to the formation of NDBPs , which are more toxic than CDBPs (Muellner et al, 2007;Richardson et al, 2007). Proteins and amino acids are the main constituents of DON, and the amine structures in these compounds are very reactive toward chlorine (Morris, 1967).…”

Section: Aom Release After Prechlorination During Simulated Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, AOM is rich in organic nitrogen (org-N), and can produce higher quantities of NDBPs than the natural organic matter (NOM), i.e., humic acid, in chlorination (Fang et al, 2010b). The genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of N-DBPs are higher than those of C-DBPs, such as THMs and HAAs, resulting in the increasing interest in studying N-DBPs (Muellner et al, 2007;Richardson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prechlorination of algae-laden water: The effects of transportation time on cell integrity, algal organic matter release, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation

Lan

Liu

et al. 2016

Water Research

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a b s t r a c tThe prechlorination-induced algal organic matter (AOM) released from Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) cells has been reported to serve as a source of precursors for chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, previous studies have mainly focused on the precursors either extracted directly from the cell suspension or derived immediately after algal suspension prechlorination. This study aims to investigate the impacts of water transportation time after algal suspension prechlorination on cell integrity, AOM release, and DBP formation during the dissolved phase chlorination. The damage to cell integrity after prechlorination was indicated to depend not only on chlorine dose but also on transportation time. The highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) values were observed at 2 mg/L chlorine preoxidation before transportation, but were obtained at 0.4 mg/L chlorine after 480-min simulated transportation. The variation of DON with transportation time was indicated to be mainly influenced by the small molecular weight nitrogenous organic compounds, such as amino acids. Additionally, formation of the corresponding chlorinated carbonaceous disinfection byproducts (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) during the dissolved phase chlorination showed the same variation tendency as DOC and DON respectively. The highest C-DBP (98.4 mg/L) and N-DBP (5.5 mg/L) values were obtained at 0.4 mg/L chlorine preoxidation after 480-min simulated transportation. Therefore, when prechlorination is applied for algae-laden water pretreatment, not only chlorine dose but also transportation time needs to be considered with regard to their effects on cell integrity, AOM release, and chlorinated DBP formation.

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Section: Aom Release After Prechlorination During Simulated Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prechlorination of algae-laden water: The effects of transportation time on cell integrity, algal organic matter release, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation

Lan

Liu

et al. 2016

Water Research

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“…27 With data derived from previous studies, 27,30-32 we calculated the unit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity index values for each DBP group (details shown in ESI Tables S5-S8 †).…”

Section: Toxicity Calculation and Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, profiling and prioritization of halogenated disinfection by-products in drinking water of China

Ding

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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The occurrence of 28 disinfection by-products (DBPs), which were divided into 5 groups, in 70 drinking water treatment plants in 31 cities across China was investigated, and the toxic potency of each DBP group was calculated using mammalian cell toxicity data from previous studies for profiling. Of the 28 DBPs, 21 were detected with an average frequency of detection of 50%. Trihalomethanes (THM4) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were the most predominant species, whose median concentration levels were at 10.53 and 10.95 mg L À1 , respectively. Two of four iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) were detected, and the concentration of the I-THMs ranged from under the detection limit to 5.58 mg L À1 . The total concentration of haloacetonitriles (HANs) in different water samples ranged from under the limit of detection to 39.20 mg L À1 , with a median concentration of 1.11 mg L À1 . Two of four halonitromethanes (HNMs) were detected, and the maximum concentrations of chloronitromethane (CNM) and trichloronitromethane (TCNM) were 0.96 and 0.28 mg L À1 , respectively. HANs were found to be the most potent DBP group in terms of cytotoxicity, and HANs and HAAs had the same level of genotoxic potency. These results indicate that although at a low concentration level, the toxic potency of the unregulated HANs in drinking water may not be neglected. Environmental impactIdentication and control of disinfection by-products (DBPs) have long been major issues for securing drinking water safety. The occurrence patterns of 28 DBPs, including the regulated trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and the emerging iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and halonitromethanes (HNMs), in the nished water of 70 water treatment plants across 31 cities in China were revealed for the rst time. Prioritization of the DBP groups was performed using mammalian cell toxicity data from previous studies. HANs were found to be the most potent DBP group in terms of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.

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“…The 54 disinfection of waters exhibiting high levels of nitrogen has been associated with the formation of 55 nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) (Bond et al, 2011). N-DBPs generally form in 56 significantly lower concentrations than regulated DBPs, but have been a growing concern over the 57 past decade because of their higher health risk (Muellner et al, 2007;Plewa et al, 2004). In vitro 58 mammalian cell tests have demonstrated that haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), 59…”

Section: Introduction 51mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of aromatic precursors in the formation of haloacetamides by chloramination of dissolved organic matter

2016

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Please cite this article as: Le Roux, J., Nihemaiti, M., Croué, J.-P., The role of aromatic precursors in the formation of haloacetamides by chloramination of dissolved organic matter, Water Research (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.036. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Haloacetonitriles vs. Regulated Haloacetic Acids: Are Nitrogen-Containing DBPs More Toxic?

Cited by 643 publications

References 30 publications

Prechlorination of algae-laden water: The effects of transportation time on cell integrity, algal organic matter release, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation

Prechlorination of algae-laden water: The effects of transportation time on cell integrity, algal organic matter release, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation

Occurrence, profiling and prioritization of halogenated disinfection by-products in drinking water of China

The role of aromatic precursors in the formation of haloacetamides by chloramination of dissolved organic matter

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