Halophilic Methylotrophic Methanogens May Contribute to the High Ammonium Concentrations Found in Shale Oil and Shale Gas Reservoirs

An, Biwen Annie; Shen, Yin; Voordouw, Johanna K.; Voordouw, Gerrit

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2019.00023

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…4b). As hydrogenotrophic and methyltrophic methanogenesis are observed www.nature.com/scientificreports/ in most reported shales 9,32,56,57 , the present study is the first to prove the existence and importance of acetoclastic methanogenesis in deep shales with an average depth of 4.1 km. The field results including the identification of co-existence of methanogen and SRP through high-throughput sequencing and the significant influence of sulfate on methanogens via statistical analysis, made us assume that sulfate was a key factor to affect the relationship of SRP and methanogen in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Regeneration of unconventional natural gas by methanogens co-existing with sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in deep shale wells in China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Biogenic methane in shallow shale reservoirs has been proven to contribute to economic recovery of unconventional natural gas. However, whether the microbes inhabiting the deeper shale reservoirs at an average depth of 4.1 km and even co-occurring with sulfate-reducing prokaryote (SRP) have the potential to produce biomethane is still unclear. Stable isotopic technique with culture-dependent and independent approaches were employed to investigate the microbial and functional diversity related to methanogenic pathways and explore the relationship between SRP and methanogens in the shales in the Sichuan Basin, China. Although stable isotopic ratios of the gas implied a thermogenic origin for methane, the decreased trend of stable carbon and hydrogen isotope value provided clues for increasing microbial activities along with sustained gas production in these wells. These deep shale-gas wells harbored high abundance of methanogens (17.2%) with ability of utilizing various substrates for methanogenesis, which co-existed with SRP (6.7%). All genes required for performing methylotrophic, hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis were present. Methane production experiments of produced water, with and without additional available substrates for methanogens, further confirmed biomethane production via all three methanogenic pathways. Statistical analysis and incubation tests revealed the partnership between SRP and methanogens under in situ sulfate concentration (~ 9 mg/L). These results suggest that biomethane could be produced with more flexible stimulation strategies for unconventional natural gas recovery even at the higher depths and at the presence of SRP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Regeneration of unconventional natural gas by methanogens co-existing with sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in deep shale wells in China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…These halophiles range from moderately halophilic, halotolerant, and extremely halotolerant to extremely obligately halophilic bacteria, fungi, and algae ( 16 , 17 , 19 , 33 – 67 ). Additionally, there are several moderately halophilic archaea, including several methanogens ( 20 , 39 , 68 , 69 ). On the other hand, extremely halophilic strains tend to be obligately halophilic, with minimum salt requirements of 18% to 21% ( 70 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net Charges of the Ribosomal Proteins of the S10 and spc Clusters of Halophiles Are Inversely Related to the Degree of Halotolerance

Tirumalai

Anane-Bediakoh

Rajesh³

et al. 2021

Microbiol Spectr

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The net charges (at pH 7.4) of the ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) that comprise the S10-spc cluster show an inverse relationship with the halophilicity/halotolerance levels in both bacteria and archaea. In non-halophilic bacteria, the S10-spc cluster r-proteins are generally basic (positively charged), while the rest of the proteomes in these strains are generally acidic.

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“…Halophiles requiring at least 2M salt for growth, are extreme halophiles (15). Despite the availability of cultured bacteria, archaea, fungi and algae and their characterized genomes/proteomes (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), little is known of the electrostatic properties of the rproteins of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria, fungi, algae and moderately halophilic archaea. These halophiles range from the moderately halophilic, the halotolerant, the extremely halotolerant, to the extremely obligately halophilic bacteria, fungi and algae (16,17,19,.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there are several moderately halophilic archaea including several methanogens (20,39,68,69). On the other hand, extremely halophilic strains tend to be obligately halophilic with a minimum salt requirement of 18%-21% salt (70).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net charges of the ribosomal proteins of theS10andspcclusters of halophiles are inversely related to the degree of halotolerance

Tirumalai

Anane-Bediakoh

Rajesh³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Net positive charge(s) on ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) have been reported to influence the assembly and folding of ribosomes. A high percentage of r-proteins from extremely halophilic archaea are known to be acidic or even negatively charged. Those proteins that remain positively charged are typically far less so. Herein the analysis is extended to the non-archaeal halophilic bacteria, eukaryotes and halotolerant archaea. The net charges (pH 7.4) of r-proteins that comprise the S10-spc operon/cluster from individual microbial and eukaryotic genomes were estimated and intercompared. It was observed that as a general rule, as the salt tolerance of the bacterial strains increased from 5 to 15%, the net charges of the individual proteins remained mostly basic. The most striking exceptions were the extremely halophilic bacterial strains, Salinibacter ruber SD01, Acetohalobium arabaticum DSM 5501 and Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii ATCC BAA-73, which are reported to require a minimum of 18%-21% of salt for their growth. All three strains have a higher number of acidic S10-spc cluster r-proteins than what is seen in the moderate halophiles or the halotolerant strains. Of the individual proteins, only uL2 never became acidic. uS14 and uL16 also seldom became acidic. The net negative charges on several of the S10-spc cluster r-proteins is a feature generally shared by all extremely halophilic archaea and bacteria. The S10-spc cluster r-proteins of halophilic fungi and algae (eukaryotes) were exceptions. They were positively charged despite the halophilicity of the organisms.ImportanceThe net charges (at pH 7.4) of the ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) that comprise the S10-spc cluster show an inverse relationship with the halophilicity/halotolerance levels in both bacteria and archaea. In non-halophilic bacteria, the S10-spc cluster r-proteins are generally basic (positively charged), while the rest of the proteomes in these strains are generally acidic. On the other hand, the whole proteomes of the extremely halophilic strains are overall negatively charged including the S10-spc cluster r-proteins. Given that the distribution of charged residues in the ribosome exit tunnel influences co-translational folding, the contrasting charges observed in the S10-spc cluster r-proteins has potential implications for the rate of passage of these proteins through the ribosomal exit tunnel. Furthermore, the universal protein uL2 which lies in the oldest part of the ribosome is always positively charged irrespective of the strain/organism it belongs to. This has implications for its role in the prebiotic context.

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Halophilic Methylotrophic Methanogens May Contribute to the High Ammonium Concentrations Found in Shale Oil and Shale Gas Reservoirs

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Regeneration of unconventional natural gas by methanogens co-existing with sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in deep shale wells in China

Regeneration of unconventional natural gas by methanogens co-existing with sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in deep shale wells in China

Net Charges of the Ribosomal Proteins of the S10 and spc Clusters of Halophiles Are Inversely Related to the Degree of Halotolerance

Net charges of the ribosomal proteins of theS10andspcclusters of halophiles are inversely related to the degree of halotolerance

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