An extremely halophilic archaeon, strain PJ61 T , was isolated from a subterranean rock salt of Yuanyongjing Salt Mine, Yunnan, China. Colonies were pale, smooth, convex, and round (1.0-2.0 mm in diameter) on nutrient agar plates. Cells of strain PJ61 T were spherical or oval , stained Gram-negative, and were non-motile. Optimal growth was observed with 3.4 M NaCl and at 38 C in aerobic conditions. Mg 2+ was required for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain PJ61 T belonged to the genus Halorubrum and was closely related to Halorubrum laminariae R60 T (98.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Halorubrum salinum GX71 T (98.2 %) and other species of the genus Halorubrum (<98 %). Sequence similarities of rpoB¢ gene and ef-2 gene between strain PJ61 T and the species of the genus Halorubrum also showed that strain PJ61 T was closely related to strain Halorubrum salinum GX71 T (93.4 % for rpoB¢and 94.8 % for ef-2). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strains PJ61 T and Halorubrum laminariae R60 T was 33±0.5 %, while it was 37±0.4 % for Halorubrum salinum GX71 T . The DNA G+C content of strain PJ61 T was 65.1 mol%. The major polar lipids of strain PJ61 T consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate and sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain PJ61 T represents a novel species of the genus Halorubrum, for which the name Halorubrum pallidum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PJ61 T (=CGMCC 1.15212 T =JCM 30955 T ).