Halosteric Sea Level Changes during the Argo Era

Wang, Gongjie; Cheng, Lijing; Boyer, Timothy P.; Li, Chongyin

doi:10.3390/w9070484

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…We find interannual variability for the global mean halosteric sea level change ranging from −2 to 2 mm over 2005–2015 statistically different from zero. This interannual variability is linked to ENSO climate variability over the same time period 36 . We find a halosteric sea level trend of −0.03 ± 0.015 mm · yr −1 confirming the fact that halosteric sea level has no significant impact on the global mean seal level rise because the ocean’s total salt content is constant over interannual to decadal timescales and halosteric changes at global scale are due to changes in total freshwater content (ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Global ocean freshening, ocean mass increase and global mean sea level rise over 2005–2015

Llovel

Purkey

Meyssignac

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Global mean sea level has experienced an unabated rise over the 20th century. This observed rise is due to both ocean warming and increasing continental freshwater discharge. We estimate the net ocean mass contribution to sea level by assessing the global ocean salt budget based on the unprecedented amount of in situ data over 2005–2015. We obtain the ocean mass trends of 1.30 ± 1.13 mm · yr−1 (0–2000 m) and 1.55 ± 1.20 mm · yr−1 (full depth). These new ocean mass trends are smaller by 0.63–0.88 mm · yr−1 compared to the ocean mass trend estimated through the sea level budget approach. Our result provides an independent validation of Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE)-based ocean mass trend and, in addition, places an independent constraint on the combined Glacial Isostatic Adjustment – the Earth’s delayed viscoelastic response to the redistribution of mass that accompanied the last deglaciation- and geocenter variations needed to directly infer the ocean mass trend based on GRACE data.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Global ocean freshening, ocean mass increase and global mean sea level rise over 2005–2015

Llovel

Purkey

Meyssignac

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…1a vs b). On global average, the upper 200 m layer has experienced a marked salinity increase, accompanied by a slight salinity decrease for 200-600 m during Argo era (Wang et al 2017). This notable vertical contrast can be found in all of the ocean analysis products and ECCO estimate (Fig.…”

Section: Ocean Salinity Changes During the Argo Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the salinity change in the upper Pacific Ocean during the Argo period

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2019

Clim Dyn

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During the Argo period, the Pacific Ocean as well as the global oceans became saltier in the upper-200 m from 2005 to 2015, with a significant spatial variability. Using Argo-based observations and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO), a salinity budget analysis in the upper 200 m was conducted to investigate what controls the recent observed salinity change in the Pacific Ocean. The results showed that the increasing salinity since 2005 was mainly caused by a reduction of surface precipitation. The ocean advection dampened the surface freshwater anomalies and rebuilt regional salinity balance. Both precipitation and advection are closely associated with the sea surface wind anomalies, suggesting the wind-driven changes in the ocean salinity field. A further analysis using an ocean objective analysis product and model simulations in addition to ECCO suggests that the recent salinity pattern since 2005 are related to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). This study also highlights the strong regulation of the ocean salinity change by natural decadal variability in the climate system.

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“…The Tropical Pacific also shows substantial interannual-todecadal variability in 0-100 m FWC (Delcroix et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2017). Recently unprecedented FWC anomalies were observed during the 2015 El Nino event (Gasparin and Roemmich, 2016;von Schuckmann et al, 2016), arising from both changes in surface freshwater fluxes and oceanic dynamics.…”

Section: Case Study: Tropical Pacificmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longer-term freshening of the Tropical Pacific has been attributed to anthropogenic forcing and is related to an intensification of the hydrological cycle (Cravatte et al, 2009;Durack and Wijffels, 2010;Durack et al, 2012;Terray et al, 2012;Rhein et al, 2013). Freshwater changes in the Tropical Pacific have important impacts on local seawater density and ENSO dynamics and contribute to both regional and global sea level change (Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Case Study: Tropical Pacificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequacy of the Ocean Observation System for Quantifying Regional Heat and Freshwater Storage and Change

et al. 2019

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Considerable advances in the global ocean observing system over the last two decades offers an opportunity to provide more quantitative information on changes in heat and freshwater storage. Variations in these storage terms can arise through internal variability and also the response of the ocean to anthropogenic climate change. Disentangling these competing influences on the regional patterns of change and elucidating their governing processes remains an outstanding scientific challenge. This challenge is compounded by instrumental and sampling uncertainties. The combined use of ocean observations and model simulations is the most viable method to assess the forced signal from noise and ascertain the primary drivers of variability and change. Moreover, this approach offers the potential for improved seasonal-to-decadal predictions and the possibility to develop powerful multi-variate constraints on climate model future projections. Regional heat storage changes dominate the steric contribution to sea level rise over most of the ocean and are vital to understanding both global and regional heat budgets. Variations in regional freshwater storage are particularly relevant to our understanding of changes in the hydrological cycle and can potentially be used to verify local ocean mass addition from terrestrial and cryospheric systems associated with contemporary sea level rise. This White Paper will examine the ability of the current ocean observing system to quantify changes in regional heat and freshwater storage. In particular we will seek to answer the question: What time and space scales are currently Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 August 2019 | Volume 6 | Article 416Palmer et al.Regional Heat and Freshwater Observations resolved in different regions of the global oceans? In light of some of the key scientific questions, we will discuss the requirements for measurement accuracy, sampling, and coverage as well as the synergies that can be leveraged by more comprehensively analyzing the multi-variable arrays provided by the integrated observing system.

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Halosteric Sea Level Changes during the Argo Era

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Global ocean freshening, ocean mass increase and global mean sea level rise over 2005–2015

Global ocean freshening, ocean mass increase and global mean sea level rise over 2005–2015

Examining the salinity change in the upper Pacific Ocean during the Argo period

Adequacy of the Ocean Observation System for Quantifying Regional Heat and Freshwater Storage and Change

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