Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Coxsackievirus A6, Japan, 2011

Atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A6 infection, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, January to February 2014

“…However, large outbreaks have also been described in Asia [17][18][19] and the United States [11,13]. The cases of HFMD associated with CV-A6 infection described here clinically resembled HFMD infections caused by emerging CV-A6 in the United States since 2012 [7,[11][12][13] and Japan in 2013 [20], while other reported HFMD outbreaks caused by CV-A6 were associated with onychomadesis one to two months after onset of the initial symptoms [4,17,18]. It remains to be seen whether our patients develop nail loss.…”

Clinical Manifestations of Coxsackievirus A6 Infection Associated with a Major Outbreak of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Japan

“…A serious outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) occurred in Japan in the summer of 2011 (1,2). A major cause of this epidemic was coxsackievirus A6 (CA6), and the clinical manifestations of the disease differed from those of typical HFMD.…”

Emergence, Circulation, and Spatiotemporal Phylogenetic Analysis of Coxsackievirus A6- and Coxsackievirus A10-Associated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Infections from 2008 to 2012 in Shenzhen, China

“…Recently, CV-A6 and CV-A10 of the HEV-A serotype have been increasingly associated with infectious disease, such as HFMD, herpangina, and onychomadesis (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). The prevalences of other HEV-A infections were underestimated for many years because more attention has been paid to HEV71 and CV-A16 in China.…”