Hand-foot-and-mouth disease in calicut

Sasidharan, C. K.; Sugathan, P; Agarwal, Ramesh; Khare, Shashi; Lal, Shiv; Paniker, C. K. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02760573

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In India, the role of enteroviruses in causing HFMD is not very clear on account of lack of accurate diagnosis, as most of the cases reported earlier were diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs compatible with HFMD (Sarma et al, 2009). A single study conducted to investigate an outbreak of HFMD in Calicut, Kerala, identified association of EV-71 by an immunological approach (Sasidharan et al, 2005). In the present study, use of sensitive molecular methods, RT-PCR and sequencing targeted against conserved and variable regions of the EV genome revealed the presence of significant EV RNA positivity as well as multiple types in the clinical specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulation of multiple enterovirus serotypes causing hand, foot and mouth disease in India

Gopalkrishna

Patil

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

106

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Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), a common contagious disease that usually affects children, can be caused by enteroviruses. Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and enterovirus 71(EV-71) are the major aetiological agents of HFMD. Other EV serotypes, CV-A4-7, CV-A9-10, CV-B1-3, CV-B5, E-4 and E-19, have also been found associated with both sporadic infections and outbreaks of HFMD. In India, outbreaks of HFMD have been documented; however, molecular characterization of the aetiological agents has rarely been reported. Cases of HFMD were identified during 2009-2010 on the basis of clinical features in southern and eastern parts of India. The aim of the present study was to detect and characterize the aetiological agents associated with the disease. A total of 89 specimens consisting of 41 sera, 24 vesicular fluids, 18 stools and 6 throat swabs were collected from 61 clinically diagnosed HFMD cases from southern and eastern parts of India. RT-PCR followed by sequencing of PCR amplicons and phylogenetic analysis were performed on all specimens for detection of EV RNA and identification of EV types. EV RNA was detected in 47.1 % (42/89) of the specimens collected from 57.4 % (35/61) of the HFMD cases. Thirty-six of 42 EV strains showed amplification of the VP1/2A junction or VP1 regions. Sequence analysis of the amplicons identified the presence of CV-A16 (54.8 %), CV-A6 (38.1 %), EV-71 (2.4 %), CV-A10 (2.4 %) and E-9 (2.4 %) serotypes in the HFMD cases. The study documents CV-A16 and CV-A6 as major and CV-A10, EV-71 and E-9 as rare viral pathogens of HFMD in India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of two outbreaks of HFMD that occurred in the Kerala and West Bengal states of India in 2003 and 2007, respectively, have been reported (Sasidharan et al, 2005;Sarma et al, 2009). These investigations identified 119 cases of HFMD on the basis of clinical examination and serological tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of multiple enterovirus serotypes causing hand, foot and mouth disease in India

Gopalkrishna

Patil

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

106

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“…Epidemics of HFMD have been reported worldwide since the 1970s in Bulgaria, Hungary, UK, USA, Australia, and India with significant mortality and morbidity [3][4][5][6][7]. Large outbreaks due to enterovirus 71 have occurred from 1997 to 2000 in Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, and Japan [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is hand, foot and mouth disease associated with meteorological parameters?

et al. 2010

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We examined the relationship between meteorological parameters and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) activity. Meteorological data collected from 2000 to 2004 were tested for correlation with HFMD consultation rates calculated through the sentinel surveillance system in Hong Kong. The regression model constructed was used to predict HFMD consultation rates for 2005-2009. After adjusting for the effect of collinearity, mean temperature, diurnal difference in temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were positively associated with HFMD consultation rates, and explained HFMD consultation rates well with 2 weeks' lag time (R²=0·119, P=0·010). The predicted HFMD consultation rates were also also well matched with the observed rates (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0·276, P=0·000) in 2005-2009. Sensitivity analysis showed that HFMD consultation rates were mostly affected by relative humidity and least affected by wind speed. Our model demonstrated that climate parameters help in predicting HFMD activity, which could assist in explaining the winter peak detected in recent years and in issuing early warning.

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“…[4] In India Sasidharan et al, reported HFMD epidemic caused by EV 71 from Calicut for the first time in 2003. [5] Later epidemics have been reported from Nagpur, [6] West Bengal [7] and Assam. [8] Infection is spread by direct contact with the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%