Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness May Accelerate Time to Mortality in Aging Americans

McGrath, Ryan; Tomkinson, Grant R.; LaRoche, Dain P.; Vincent, Brenda M.; Bond, Colin W.; Hackney, Kyle J.

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.030

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our findings align with the results from previous studies that suggest HGS asymmetry is associated with poor health and shortened longevity [9,10]. Engaging in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as physical inactivity may contribute to poor muscle quality and function that leads to elevated morbidity risk [25,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…While HGS differs and is linked to hand dominance, the "10% rule" [19], which posits the strength of the dominant hand is about 10% greater than the non-dominant hand, was utilized to guide how we defined HGS asymmetry. Studies examining asymmetric HGS have also utilized a 10% HGS asymmetry cut point [9,10]. HGS asymmetry ratio was calculated from the highest recorded HGS values from each hand: (non-dominant HGS (kilograms) / dominant HGS (kilograms)).…”

Section: Handgrip Strength Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asymmetric strength may represent another characteristic of muscle dysfunction before deficiencies in overall strength capacity are observed [8]. Previous investigations have revealed that asymmetric HGS is associated with diminished health and shortened longevity [9,10]. Yet, it is largely unknown how asymmetric strength may factor into populations that are likely to have poor muscle function such as those living with multiple chronic cardiometabolic morbidities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Associations between Asymmetric Handgrip Strength and Chronic Disease Status in American Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Klawitter

Bradley

Hackney

et al. 2021

JFMK

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This study examined the associations between asymmetric handgrip strength (HGS) and multimorbidity in American adults. Secondary analyses of data from persons aged at least 40 years from the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were conducted. A handheld dynamometer collected HGS on each hand and persons with a strength imbalance >10% between hands were classified as having asymmetric HGS. Adults with the presence of ≥2 of the following conditions had multimorbidity: cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma, arthritis, cancer, obesity, stroke, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Of the n = 3483 participants included, n = 2700 (77.5%) had multimorbidity. A greater proportion of adults with multimorbidity had HGS asymmetry (n = 1234 (45.7%)), compared to persons living without multimorbidity (n = 314 (40.1%); p < 0.05). Relative to individuals without asymmetry, adults with asymmetric HGS had 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.67) greater odds for multimorbidity. Moreover, persons with HGS asymmetry had 1.22 (CI: 1.04–1.44) greater odds for accumulating morbidities. Asymmetric strength, as another indicator of diminished muscle function, is linked to chronic morbidity status. Healthcare providers should recommend healthy behaviors for reducing asymmetries to improve muscle function and mitigate morbidity risk after completing asymmetry screenings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Handgrip Strength Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Associations between Asymmetric Handgrip Strength and Chronic Disease Status in American Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Klawitter

Bradley

Hackney

et al. 2021

JFMK

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“…The ageing process exposes the older population to the risk of malnutrition, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and frailty. These conditions can significantly accelerate functional decline and increase the risk of morbidity and falls, which in turn are related to a greater risk of mortality [1]. Such a scenario is exacerbated when combined with psychological disorders, physical inactivity, or poor dietary habits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition Symmetry in Long-Term Active Middle-Aged and Older Individuals

Stagi

Moroni

Cremasco

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to analyze body composition and strength symmetry in a sample of 165 middle-aged and elderly Italian volunteers, which included 97 active (67 men and 30 women; 61.17 ± 7.56 years) individuals regularly engaged in Tai Chi Chuan, tennis, or running, and a control group of 59 age-matched sedentary (27 men and 32 women) individuals. Anthropometric and bioelectrical measurements and hand grip strength of both sides were collected. Segmental body composition was analyzed through specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis. The body composition of the right and left limbs was similar among active individuals (arms: T2 = 6.3, n.s.; legs: T2 = 5.0, n.s.), with a similar pattern in the three different disciplines. By contrast, the control group showed bilateral asymmetry (arms: T2 = 6.8, p < 0.001; legs: T2 = 8.8, p < 0.001), mainly because of the higher values of specific reactance (t = 2.4; p = 0.018) and phase angle (t = 2.0; p = 0.054) in the dominant arm, and the higher specific vector length (t = −3.0; p = 0.027) in the left leg. All of the groups showed a higher hand grip strength in the dominant arm (active: t = 7.0, p < 0.001; control: t = 2.9; p < 0.01). In conclusion, the active individuals showed stronger body composition symmetry than the controls, thus indicating a previously undetected positive effect of sport in middle-aged and older adults.

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“…Incorporating other aspects of muscle function in HGS protocols such as digit grip strength, submaximal force control, fatigability, neuromuscular steadiness, and asymmetry will expand how muscle function is assessed, while also maintaining procedural ease and scalability. For example, HGS asymmetry and low maximal HGS together were associated with greater odds for functional disability than each measure alone [13], and HGS asymmetry is linked to early all-cause mortality [14]. As such, evaluating other aspects of muscle function outside of maximal strength may uncover deficits in muscle function that are not otherwise identified by maximal HGS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Additional Aspects of Muscle Function with a Digital Handgrip Dynamometer and Accelerometer in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Background: Maximal handgrip strength (HGS) could be an incomplete and unidimensional measure of muscle function. This pilot study sought to examine the relationships between maximal HGS, radial and ulnar digit grip strength, submaximal HGS force control, HGS fatigability, neuromuscular HGS steadiness, and HGS asymmetry in older adults. Methods: A digital handgrip dynamometer and accelerometer was used to collect several HGS measurements from 13 adults aged 70.9 ± 4.0 years: maximal strength, radial and ulnar digit grip strength, submaximal force control, fatigability, neuromuscular steadiness, and asymmetry. Pearson correlations determined the relationships between individual HGS measurements. A principal component analysis was used to derive a collection of new uncorrelated variables from the HGS measures we examined. Results: The individual HGS measurements were differentially correlated. Maximal strength (maximal HGS, radial digit strength, ulnar digits strength), contractile steadiness (maximal HGS steadiness, ulnar digit grip strength steadiness), and functional strength (submaximal HGS force control, HGS fatigability, HGS asymmetry, HGS fatigability steadiness) emerged as dimensions from the HGS measurements that we evaluated. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that these additional measures of muscle function may differ from maximal HGS alone. Continued research is warranted for improving how we assess muscle function with more modern technologies, including handgrip dynamometry and accelerometry.

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Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness May Accelerate Time to Mortality in Aging Americans

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

The Associations between Asymmetric Handgrip Strength and Chronic Disease Status in American Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The Associations between Asymmetric Handgrip Strength and Chronic Disease Status in American Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Body Composition Symmetry in Long-Term Active Middle-Aged and Older Individuals

Examining Additional Aspects of Muscle Function with a Digital Handgrip Dynamometer and Accelerometer in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

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