“…Assemblages can vary considerably, with some substrates being dominated by fouling species (Bacchiocchi & Airoldi 2003, Qvarfordt et al 2006) and others hosting assemblages not unlike those found on natural shores . The majority of studies, however, find that artificial structures are poor surrogates of natural habitats, often supporting less species diversity (Moschella et al 2005, Gacia et al 2007, Vaselli et al 2008, Pister 2009, Ravinesh & Bijukumar 2013, lower abundances (Connell 2001) or different assemblages entirely (Bulleri & Chapman 2010, Megina et al 2013. Seawalls, in particular, have often been compared to natural rocky shores due to their structural similarities -both are hard-substrata, intertidal environments (Chapman & Bulleri 2003, Moschella et al 2005, Pister 2009, Ravinesh & Bijukumar 2013, Aguilera et al 2014.…”