Hard switching‐based hybrid RF/VLC system and its performance evaluation

Gupta, Akash; Garg, Parul; Sharma, Nikhil

doi:10.1002/ett.3515

Cited by 6 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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Section: A Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, various combinations of the RF and VLC links as heterogeneous systems have been investigated [9]- [12]. Specifically, hybrid RF/VLC downlink system based on hard switching implemented in indoor environment was investigated in [9]. Integration of VLC and RF network was discussed in terms of the coverage/rate analysis and energy efficiency in [10], while the energy efficiency perspective was considered in [11].…”

Section: A Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mixed RF-VLC Relaying Systems for Interference-Sensitive Mobile Applications

Petkovic

Cvetković

Narandzic

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Due to their Radio-Frequency (RF) immunity, Visible Light Communications (VLC) pose as a promising technology for interference sensitive applications such as medical data networks. In this paper, we investigate mixed RF-VLC relaying systems especially suited for this type of applications that support mobility. In this system setup, the end-user, who is assumed to be on a vehicle that is in dynamic movement, is served by an indoor VLC system, while the outdoor data traffic is conveyed through multiple backhaul RF links. Furthermore, it is assumed that a single backhaul RF link is activated by the mobile relay and due to feedback delay, the RF link activation is based on outdated channel state information (CSI). The performance of this system is analyzed in terms of outage probability and bit error rate (BER), and novel closed form analytical expressions are provided. Furthermore, the analysis is extended for the case where the average SNR over the RF links and/or LED optical power is high, and approximate analytical expressions are derived which determine performance floors. Numerical results are provided which demonstrate that the utilization of multiple RF backhaul links can significantly improve overall RF-VLC system performance when outage/BER floors are avoided. This calls upon joint design of both subsystems. Additionally, the outdated CSI exploited for active RF selection can significantly degrade the quality of system performance.

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Section: A Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed RF-VLC Relaying Systems for Interference-Sensitive Mobile Applications

Petkovic

Cvetković

Narandzic

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…This superiority comes from the fact that we can substantially prevent the ping-pong effect during the handover process by applying the proposed algorithm. Compared to CoMP-based soft handover algorithm, the SNR values vary considerably during the hard handover process, leading to an increase in BER [41]. In addition, the proposed algorithm outperforms the soft handover process because we dynamically set HOM and WT based on the status of VLC channels in successive time slots, while in the conventional CoMP-based soft handover, the user connects to two VLCs simultaneously if the following inequality is satisfied:…”

Section: Handover Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-Decimeter VLC 3D Indoor Localization With Handover Probability Analysis

Sheikholeslami

Fazel

Abouei³

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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This paper addresses the problem of Visible Light Communication (VLC)-based indoor localization and handover, where mobile users communicate with hybrid VLC/mmWave Access Points (APs). The VLC system consists of multiple Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) treated as VLC transmitters, multiple Photodiodes (PDs) on the user's smart device, and multiple mmWave Radio Frequency (RF) transmitters used as complementary APs for the VLC system in the case of blockage. We propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based algorithm consisting of offline and online modes. In the offline mode, we gather a data set by dividing the environment into fixed-sized elements where the received VLC signal along with the data attained from the smart device at each element represent a sample to train a CNN model for indoor localization. In the online mode, users employ the received VLC signals to estimate their locations. We then propose a virtual soft handover process according to the Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP) transmission, where the HandOver Margin (HOM) and Waiting Time (WT) are dynamically set based on the change in Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) values in consecutive time slots. We derive a closed-form expression for the average effective throughput during the handover process, which shows the algorithm's superior performance compared to conventional soft and hard handovers. Simulation results show an average positioning error of 4.31 centimeters for the proposed localization algorithm in a 5 × 4 × 3 m 3 smart environment.

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“…The source nodes (the LEDs) are placed on the ceiling with Euclidean distances d to the destinations/relays and vertical distances L to the users/relays plane, as shown in Figure 2 . It is assumed that the VLC links between the nodes are subjected to a random distribution which is affected by the uniform distribution of the location of the user [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. For simpleness and without losing the generality, it is assumed that the noise over the VLC and Rf channels is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN).…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in accordance with [ 6 ], the probability density function (PDF) of the instantaneous SNR of the VLC channel gain can be written as:

where

and

, as indicated in [ 6 , 26 ]. A is the detector detection area;

and

are the optical filter and concentration gains, respectively;

indicates the responsivity of the photo-detector; L is the direct distance(s) from the LED to the user plane; r represents the maximum cell radius of the VLC environment; and

is the order of the Lambertian radiation pattern, which is given by:

where

represents the semi-angle of the LED.…”

Section: Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Relaying over VLC Channels

Gheth

Rabie

Adebisi

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The line-of-sight (LoS) channel is one of the requirements for efficient data transmission in visible-light communications (VLC), but this cannot always be guaranteed in indoor applications for a variety of reasons, such as moving objects and the layout of rooms. The relay-assisted VLC system is one of the techniques that can be used to address this issue and ensures seamless connectivity. This paper investigates the performance of half-duplex (HD) conventional DF relay system and cooperative systems (i.e., selective DF (SDF) and incremental DF (IDF)) over VLC channels in terms of outage probability and energy consumption. Analytical expressions for both outage probability and the minimum energy-per-bit performance of the aforementioned relaying systems are derived. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations are provided throughout the paper to validate the derived expressions. The results show that exploiting SDF and IDF relaying schemes can achieve approximately 25% and 15% outage probability enhancement compared to single-hop and DF protocols, respectively. The results also demonstrate that the performance of the single-hop VLC system deteriorates when the end-to-end distances become larger. For example, when the vertical distance is 3.5m, the single-hop approach consumes 20%, 40% and 45% more energy in comparison to the DF, SDF, and IDF approaches, respectively.

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Hard switching‐based hybrid RF/VLC system and its performance evaluation

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Mixed RF-VLC Relaying Systems for Interference-Sensitive Mobile Applications

Mixed RF-VLC Relaying Systems for Interference-Sensitive Mobile Applications

Sub-Decimeter VLC 3D Indoor Localization With Handover Probability Analysis

Performance Analysis of Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Relaying over VLC Channels

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