Hardness improvement on low carbon steel using pack carbonitriding method with holding time variation

Puspitasari, Poppy; Andoko, Andoko; Suryanto, Heru; Risdanareni, Puput; Yudha, Sandy

doi:10.1051/matecconf/201710101012

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results are apparently contrary to those obtained in previous experiments with other materials, where conductivity increases as sulfur is oxidized in addition to iron, generating sulfates, which are responsible for the high conductivity of AMD-affected rivers in the IPB [27,28]. In the steel test tubes used, the presence of sulfur is negligible-less than 0.02%- [29,30], so sulfates are barely generated through bacterial catalysis. On the other hand, the steel bars seem to favor the formation of precipitates of ferric iron salts as previously mentioned.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Biocorrosion of Carbon Steel under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Córdoba

Sarmiento

2023

Minerals

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In the Iberian Pyritic Belt (SW Europe), Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is the consequence of the interaction of physical-chemical and biological factors, where aerobic Fe and/or S oxidizing chemolithotrophic and anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria play an essential role. As a result, the polluted waters are highly acidic (pH 2–3) and contain numerous dissolved or suspended metals, which gives them a powerful corrosive action on constructions related to mining activities with high economic losses. To verify the role of bacteria in the corrosion of carbon steel, a common material in buildings exposed to corrosion in acidic waters, several experiments have been carried out under controlled conditions using carbon steel bars and acidic water containing bacteria consortia from an AMD river of the Iberian Pyritic Belt. In all the experiments carried out, a remarkable oxidation of supplemented iron was observed in the presence of bacteria. Using carbon steel as the sole iron source, we observed a slight corrosion of the bars, but when culture media was supplemented with elemental sulfur, steel bars was severely damaged. Since the bacteria inoculum come from the surface water, well oxygenated, nutrient-poor river, the obtained results are discussed based on facultative metabolism of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Biocorrosion of Carbon Steel under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Córdoba

Sarmiento

2023

Minerals

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“…The metals were used in this experiments was the low carbon steel AISI 1006 .Which provided by scientific office with the commercial name class [10,11,12]. The chemical compositions of the specimens which used in this experimental were shown in Table 1 and the mechanical properties of this metal were shown in Table 2 2…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Nd:YAG Laser Energy on Mechanical properties of Nitriding Steel

Aziz

Khalid

Alwan

2020

NJES

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Desired mechanical properties like microstructure, micro hardness and wear resistance are the key parameters for which low carbon steel (AISI 1006) are widely selected. Surface heat treatment applied to improve these properties; traditionally surface heat treatments like induction hardening, in recent time’s laser surface hardening. In this work, thermochemical treatment (liquid nitriding) by using mixture from 61% NaCN, 15% K2CO3 and 24% KCL and followed by Nd:YAG laser surface treatment was done . The laser parameter were energy (0.89, 2, 4 and 9) J, spot diameter (0.790 ,0.33, 0.283 and 0.224) mm, pulses duration (1, 2.33, 4.47 and 9.87) ms with fix wavelength 1604nm. Laser surface treatment cycle was melting the layer surface, holding and rapid cooling in air medium. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to study the microstructures and cross-sectional of molted and heat affected zones respectively. The wear test was done to measure the wear rate by using pin -on-disk principles were satisfied. The result shown that increasing in laser energy effects to increase in the area of melted and heat affected zones of nitriding steel. Also increasing in laser energy led to increase micro hardness about 61%, while wear rate decrease about 40 % and increased depth of molted zone.

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“…A cylindrical hole of 3.0 mm diameter was drilled in each coupon using a lathe machine. The low-carbon steel is of the same grade and chemical composition reported elsewhere by [23] with Fe as the chief element having a %w/w composition of 99.0483%.…”

Section: Source Of Leaf Sample and Test Couponsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Appraising the corrosion inhibitory efficacy and adsorption mechanism of crude leaf extract of Datura discolor on low-carbon steel in low pH media via gravimetric experiments and AFM analysis

Ahanotu,

Ezigbo,

Okonkwo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background The study investigated the inhibitory action of Datura discolor leaf extract against the corrosion of low-carbon steel in 0.5 M solutions of three acids. The purpose was to ascertain the effect of extract concentration, immersion time and temperature variation on corrosion inhibitory efficiency, and to relate to existing reports which show that organic molecules in most plant extracts inhibit corrosion. Extraction of the leaves was done by maceration using methanol and solvent was removed by evaporation to dryness. Classical gravimetric (mass loss) experiments were used and experimental data was fitted to adsorption isotherm models to ascertain the best approximation. Surface examination of the low-carbon steel substrates was carried out using the atomic force microscope. Results Inhibitory protective efficiency of extract was found to appreciate with increasing Datura discolor leaf extract concentration at a fixed temperature, with values ranging 77.6–88.8%, 91.35–98.08% and 19.64–44.64% in H2SO4, HCl and HNO3 solutions respectively at 270C. Elevation of temperature was found to depreciate the inhibitor efficiency at constant inhibitor concentration. Best isotherm model fitting was obtained with Langmuir model both at 270C and 600C and in all the hostile media, while Temkin model gave good approximation only at 600C and in H2SO4 and HCl solutions only. The negative values of free energy of adsorption \({(\varDelta G}_{ads}^{0})\) suggested that the adsorptive interaction of the inhibitor with the substrate surface was very spontaneous. Values of \({\varDelta G}_{ads}^{0}\) were all consistent, fluctuating between − 16.35 kJ mol− 1 and − 17.63 kJ mol− 1 in both H2SO4 and HCl solutions, and between − 9.76 kJ mol− 1 and − 10.25 kJ mol− 1 in HNO3 solution, and this suggests that adsorption of the inhibitor molecules occurred via physisorption. Values of the activation energy of the corrosion reaction \({(E}_{act})\) are all < 40 kJ mol− 1, suggesting that the inhibition occurred by a physical adsorption mechanism. Conclusions The study concludes that Datura discolor crude leaf extract suppressed the corrosion reactions and the inhibition was found to arise from the physisorptive interaction of the organic molecules with the substrate/solution interface, forming a stabilize inhibitor film on the substrate surface as revealed by the atomic force micrographs.

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Hardness improvement on low carbon steel using pack carbonitriding method with holding time variation

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Biocorrosion of Carbon Steel under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Biocorrosion of Carbon Steel under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Influence of Nd:YAG Laser Energy on Mechanical properties of Nitriding Steel

Appraising the corrosion inhibitory efficacy and adsorption mechanism of crude leaf extract of Datura discolor on low-carbon steel in low pH media via gravimetric experiments and AFM analysis

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