Hardpan Formation as Affected by Soil Moisture Loss

Gerard, C. J.; Bloodworth, M. E.; Burleson, C. A.; Cowley, W. R.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1961.03615995002500060013x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Maintaining or increasing SOC may help prevent compaction when combined with practices like noninversion subsoiling, which was used in this study. Soil strength is known to decrease with increased soil moisture (Gerard et al., 1961). However, there was no difference between treatments for soil moisture readings collected at the time of sampling (data not shown), indicating that the lack of treatment differences in AUC C.I values were not influenced by soil moisture at sampling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of winter grazing on soil health in southeastern cropping systems

Crowell

Gamble

Feng

et al. 2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Coastal Plain soils are often characterized by low soil organic carbon (SOC) as a result of natural and anthropogenic factors. A rotation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under conventional tillage is typical in this region, but an opportunity to increase SOC and improve soil health by incorporating winter grazing of cover crops exists for producers with row crop and livestock operations. A study to assess winter grazing impacts on soil health was established in the U.S. Coastal Plain. Three cattle removal dates and an ungrazed control were evaluated for impacts on selected soil health indicators: SOC, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), water stable aggregates (WSA), penetration resistance (PR), microbial biomass C (MBC), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization rates.After two years, MBC was highest in the control treatments, likely due to greater cover crop biomass on the soil surface at termination. No differences were observed between treatments for SOC, POXC, WSA, PR, or AMF. Increased cotton lint yield was observed in control and mid-February treatments in 2019, likely due to greater cover crop residues on the soil surface following grazing, which may have conserved soil moisture during the growing season. Peanut yields were unaffected by treatments in 2020. Lack of differences in soil health indicators suggests that integrating wintergrazing livestock does not negatively nor positively impact selected dynamic soil properties in the short-term, but more time under grazing treatments is needed to thoroughly evaluate how winter-grazing livestock impacts soil health and crop yield.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of winter grazing on soil health in southeastern cropping systems

Crowell

Gamble

Feng

et al. 2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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“…Under most conditions, WDC may directly cause soil disintegration (Amézketa, 1999) as observed for the Geva Clay. However, under slow drying of soil, strength may increase because it allows enhanced and more stable bonding of soil particles (Gerard, Bloodworth, Burleson, & Cowley, 1961). This effect of drying is most pronounced in soils having silt and clay content in the range of 20% to 40% (Gerard, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural changes in soils induced by wetting and drying: Effects on atrazine mobility

et al. 2019

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Wetting and drying affects soil structure and pesticide migration, which both may lead to land degradation. The effect on soil structure has been mainly addressed by classical methods at the macroaggregate scale, and the effect on herbicide leaching has not been thoroughly addressed. We aimed to characterize the effects of wetting and drying on soil microstructure, aggregate packing and stability, and subsequent effect on pesticide mobility in three agricultural soils. We developed advanced methods to quantitatively describe soil microstructure changes, induced by wetting and drying. Changes in soil packing, observed by micro‐CT, indicate that large aggregates in a Clay soil disintegrate, whereas particles from a Sandy Loam form larger aggregates. To reflect these changes in terms of soil stability, we developed an aggregate durability index, based on changes in soil particle‐size distribution measured by laser granulometry. For a Clay soil, the index decreased from 17.0% to 1.7%, indicating soil disaggregation upon wetting and drying. Whereas for a Sandy Clay Loam soil, the index increased from 0.4% to 2.6%, indicating formation of more durable aggregates, explained in terms of cementation by CaCO3. As expected, wetting and drying did not alter a Loamy Sand soil structure. The adverse effects of wetting and drying on soil structure correspond with the trends of atrazine mobility. As atrazine is trapped within the Clay soil aggregates, disaggregation leads to a 35% enhancement in pesticide mobility, whereas stabilization of a Sandy Clay Loam aggregates reduced atrazine leaching by 23%. Finally, wetting and drying directly affects the soil microstructure, which has an immense indirect effect on pollutant mobility, with both potentially leading to land degradation.

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“…Hardpan management is the compact layer of soil just below the ground surface. Excess plowing leads to soil moisture loss by evaporation [50]. Avoiding working with moldboard plows, farmers must use instead a strip subsoil breaker in the first year to break the hardpan and apply a NO-TILL technology in the next years.…”

Section: Hardpan Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Effects of Drought and Degradation of Agricultural Soils, in the Context of Climate Change, through the Application of Regenerative Ecological Technologies

Popescu¹,

Nenciu²,

Vlăduț³

2022

Drought - Impacts and Management

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The agricultural sector has a limited capacity for expansion, consequently, deficient technologies based on the widespread use of synthetic chemicals have been implemented in the last decades, having a major negative impact on natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and environmental services. Desertification, land degradation, and drought, combined with human activity and environmental changes, cause important soil losses and a reduction in natural defenses against droughts and floods. The combined impact of climate change, land mismanagement and unsustainable freshwater use has long been affecting agricultural productivity, the most common cause being unsustainable land management practices. This chapter aims to briefly assess the most effective strategies for reducing the impact of climate change on agricultural crops, as well as to prevent or reverse the process of desertification and systematic loss in food quality and quantity. Regenerative management practices such as minimum tillage technologies, cover crops and mulching, inoculation with microorganisms, nutrients cycling, the balance of the organic fertilizers or foliar application help farmers in managing healthy soils, capable of growing rich and ecological crops without the use of chemical hazardous substances.

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Hardpan Formation as Affected by Soil Moisture Loss

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Impacts of winter grazing on soil health in southeastern cropping systems

Impacts of winter grazing on soil health in southeastern cropping systems

Microstructural changes in soils induced by wetting and drying: Effects on atrazine mobility

Reducing the Effects of Drought and Degradation of Agricultural Soils, in the Context of Climate Change, through the Application of Regenerative Ecological Technologies

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