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In this paper we give an affirmative answer to the Euclidean analogue of a question of Bourgain and Brezis concerning the optimal Lorentz estimate for a Div–Curl system: If $$F \in L^1(\mathbb {R}^3;\mathbb {R}^3)$$ F ∈ L 1 ( R 3 ; R 3 ) satisfies $$\text {div}F=0$$ div F = 0 in the sense of distributions, then the function $$Z=\text {curl} (-\Delta )^{-1} F$$ Z = curl ( - Δ ) - 1 F satisfies $$\begin{aligned} \text {curl } Z&= F \\ \text {div } Z&= 0 \end{aligned}$$ curl Z = F div Z = 0 and there exists a constant $$C>0$$ C > 0 such that $$\begin{aligned} \Vert Z\Vert _{L^{3/2,1}(\mathbb {R}^3;\mathbb {R}^3)} \le C\Vert F\Vert _{L^{1}(\mathbb {R}^3;\mathbb {R}^3)}. \end{aligned}$$ ‖ Z ‖ L 3 / 2 , 1 ( R 3 ; R 3 ) ≤ C ‖ F ‖ L 1 ( R 3 ; R 3 ) . Our proof relies on a new endpoint Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality for divergence free measures which we obtain via a result of independent interest, an atomic decomposition of such objects.
In this paper we give an affirmative answer to the Euclidean analogue of a question of Bourgain and Brezis concerning the optimal Lorentz estimate for a Div–Curl system: If $$F \in L^1(\mathbb {R}^3;\mathbb {R}^3)$$ F ∈ L 1 ( R 3 ; R 3 ) satisfies $$\text {div}F=0$$ div F = 0 in the sense of distributions, then the function $$Z=\text {curl} (-\Delta )^{-1} F$$ Z = curl ( - Δ ) - 1 F satisfies $$\begin{aligned} \text {curl } Z&= F \\ \text {div } Z&= 0 \end{aligned}$$ curl Z = F div Z = 0 and there exists a constant $$C>0$$ C > 0 such that $$\begin{aligned} \Vert Z\Vert _{L^{3/2,1}(\mathbb {R}^3;\mathbb {R}^3)} \le C\Vert F\Vert _{L^{1}(\mathbb {R}^3;\mathbb {R}^3)}. \end{aligned}$$ ‖ Z ‖ L 3 / 2 , 1 ( R 3 ; R 3 ) ≤ C ‖ F ‖ L 1 ( R 3 ; R 3 ) . Our proof relies on a new endpoint Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality for divergence free measures which we obtain via a result of independent interest, an atomic decomposition of such objects.
We prove that for α ∈ (d − 1,d), one has the trace inequality $$ {\int}_{\mathbb{R}^{d}} |I_{\alpha} F| d\nu \leq C |F|(\mathbb{R}^{d})\|\nu\|_{\mathcal{M}^{d-\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^{d})} $$ ∫ ℝ d | I α F | d ν ≤ C | F | ( ℝ d ) ∥ ν ∥ M d − α ( ℝ d ) for all solenoidal vector measures F, i.e., $F\in M_{b}(\mathbb {R}^{d};\mathbb {R}^{d})$ F ∈ M b ( ℝ d ; ℝ d ) and divF = 0. Here Iα denotes the Riesz potential of order α and $\mathcal M^{d-\alpha }(\mathbb {R}^{d})$ ℳ d − α ( ℝ d ) the Morrey space of (d − α)-dimensional measures on $\mathbb {R}^{d}$ ℝ d .
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