Harmful Algal Species Fact Sheet: Alexandrium

Cembella, Allan

doi:10.1002/9781118994672.ch16a

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Many marine dinoflagellates can cause food safety and human fatalities through their production of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) which accumulate in shellfish through the food chain when contaminated seafood is consumed [2,[9][10][11][12][13]. The most widespread dinoflagellates species producing PSTs are in the genus Alexandrium [14,15]. PSTs, mainly produced from dinoflagellate and cyanobacteria, is one of the most powerful neurotoxins such as TTX [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of associated bacteria ofAlexandrium catenellaon affecting PSTs production and influence mechanism

Zou,

Yu,

Sun

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Alexandriumcauses serious food safety and human death due to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) production. The associated bacteria can affect PSTs production ofAlexandrium. However, the influencing mechanism is still unclear. Here we firstly screened functional associated bacteria for affecting PSTs production ofAlexandrium catenellain Yangtze Estuary and further studied their influence on physiological process and molecular regulation ofA. catenella. Thirteen bacteria strains for affecting PSTs production ofA. catenellawere selected. TheA. catenellastrains co-cultured with different functional associated bacteria all produced more PSTs than axenic strain with antibiotic treatment. Compared with axenicA. catenella, the non-axenicA. catenellaproduced more algal cells, soluble sugar, soluble protein and neutral lipid. By RNA-seq, it was found that non-axenicA. catenellaproduced more upregulated functional genes than axenicA. catenella. The biosynthesis of cofactors and spliceosome were the dominant different pathways between axenic and non-axenicA. catenellastrains. The sxtA expression was closely related with Arginine and proline metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis, Fatty acid biosynthesis, TCA cycle and Glutathione metabolism, which were all downregulated in axenicA. catenella. Meantime, the non-axenicA. catenellaunder nitrogen deprivation produced less PSTs and functional genes than non-axenic strain under common culture condition, indicating the nitrogen significance for PSTs production. The detailed signal molecular released by associated bacteria for regulating PSTs ofA. catenellaneeds to be further studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of associated bacteria ofAlexandrium catenellaon affecting PSTs production and influence mechanism

Zou,

Yu,

Sun

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Modelling has become a developing tool for predicting many HAB species and occurrences [13][14][15][16], although for the HAB in most coastal and estuarine waters, forecast has not yet been realized [17][18][19]. Spatio-temporal forecast of HAB is still a challenge at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tentative Prediction of Harmful Algal Blooms in Yangtze Estuary

Zhang

Zhang²,

Shangguan³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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By using spatial autoregressive models, this paper mainly studied the limited factors and spatio-temporal prediction of harmful algal blooms (HAB). The environmental factors of sea surface temperature (SST), dissolved organic matter (DOM) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were used to model the chlorophyll a (Cha) distribution and the occurrence of HAB. The results indicated that SST had no significant influence on the growth of phytoplankton in May and June, but higher SST in July and August decreased the frequency of occurrence of HAB. SSC was the main limited factor of HAB, and considerably and positively influenced the algal growth and HAB. HAB in Yangtze estuary was mainly caused by nutrients not DOM. The predicted spatial pattern in July 2010 was more dispersed than the actual clustered pattern. This clustered pattern should be driven by the combined impacts of coastal current, Taiwan Worm current and the northward seasonal.

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“…Among toxigenic dinophytes, the genus Alexandrium Halim is perhaps the most intensely studied group. The taxonomic history of this typical gonyaulacoid genus is quite complex and includes numerous rearrangements of species formerly classified in Gonyaulax, Protogonyaulax, Gessnerium, Goniodoma and Pyrodinium [1,2]. Some new species have recently been described and today the genus Alexandrium comprises 34 species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mediterranean Alexandrium taylorii (Dinophyceae) Strain Produces Goniodomin A and Lytic Compounds but Not Paralytic Shellfish Toxins

Tillmann

Krock

Wietkamp

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Species of the dinophyte genus Alexandrium are widely distributed and are notorious bloom formers and producers of various potent phycotoxins. The species Alexandrium taylorii is known to form recurrent and dense blooms in the Mediterranean, but its toxin production potential is poorly studied. Here we investigated toxin production potential of a Mediterranean A. taylorii clonal strain by combining state-of-the-art screening for various toxins known to be produced within Alexandrium with a sound morphological and molecular designation of the studied strain. As shown by a detailed thecal plate analysis, morphology of the A. taylorii strain AY7T from the Adriatic Sea conformed with the original species description. Moreover, newly obtained Large Subunit (LSU) and Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) rDNA sequences perfectly matched with the majority of other Mediterranean A. taylorii strains from the databases. Based on both ion pair chromatography coupled to post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection (LC-FLD) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis it is shown that A. taylorii AY7T does not produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) above a detection limit of ca. 1 fg cell−1, and also lacks any traces of spirolides and gymnodimines. The strain caused cell lysis of protistan species due to poorly characterized lytic compounds, with a density of 185 cells mL−1 causing 50% cell lysis of cryptophyte bioassay target cells (EC50). As shown here for the first time A. taylorii AY7T produced goniodomin A (GDA) at a cellular level of 11.7 pg cell−1. This first report of goniodomin (GD) production of A. taylorii supports the close evolutionary relationship of A. taylorii to other identified GD-producing Alexandrium species. As GD have been causatively linked to fish kills, future studies of Mediterranean A. taylorii blooms should include analysis of GD and should draw attention to potential links to fish kills or other environmental damage.

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Harmful Algal Species Fact Sheet: Alexandrium

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Screening of associated bacteria ofAlexandrium catenellaon affecting PSTs production and influence mechanism

Screening of associated bacteria ofAlexandrium catenellaon affecting PSTs production and influence mechanism

Tentative Prediction of Harmful Algal Blooms in Yangtze Estuary

A Mediterranean Alexandrium taylorii (Dinophyceae) Strain Produces Goniodomin A and Lytic Compounds but Not Paralytic Shellfish Toxins

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