Harmful Pests and Biological Protection of Agricultural Crops (Wheat, Soy, Corn) in the Conditions of the Almaty Region

Abstract

In a number of Programs for the development of the industry, outlined in the President's Messages (2017,2018, 2017-2021), it is indicated that one of the most important problems of agricultural production in our country is the transition to a new paradigm based on increasing its efficiency through the introduction of an ecosystem development path. This transition consists in the production of organic farming and the production of environmentally friendly products that are harmless to animals and the population. Therefore, the results of scientific research presented in this article on the development of agrotechnologies and the introduction of an ecologized set of protective measures against harmful organisms into production are an important foundation in solving the production of environmentally friendly (organic) products. This article presents the results of the application of biological protection against pests of agricultural crops. In the ecological aspect, the pesticide load on the cultivated area and the environment is reduced, compaction and soil pollution occur to a lesser extent, due to a reduction in the number of passes of equipment through the field. During the monitoring, harmful pests of agricultural crops (wheat, soy, corn) were encountered and biological protection was applied to them in the conditions of the Almaty region. During the growing season, during soil excavations and population counts, 11 species of pests were found on alfalfa, esparcet and soybeans, 7 on corn, 15 on wheat and barley, 8 on rapeseed and flax. The biological efficacy of drugs and entomophages against cotton scoops (Helicoverpa armigera Hb.) on corn crops showed high biological efficacy on the seventh day was 91.5-95.1%, and on the 14th day, due to the release of bioagents, the effectiveness was at the level of 77.6-82.1%. Against the spider mite on the 7th day of accounting, the biological effectiveness was 86.3–87.3%, due to the release of the entomophage chrysoglazka, the effectiveness was at the level of 81.2-81.5%.