Harnessing CRISPR/Cas 9 System for manipulation of DNA virus genome

Ebrahimi, Saeedeh; Teimoori, Ali; Khanbabaei, Hashem; Tabasi, Maryam

doi:10.1002/rmv.2009

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(384 reference statements)

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“…HPVs are small double-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the Papovaviridae family, with approximately 150 identified types already described (Nguyen et al, 2014;McBride, 2017). The HPV genome is roughly 8 kbp in length, encodes 9 or 10 open reading frames (ORFs) and includes eight early viral regulatory proteins (E1−E8) and two late capsid proteins (L1 and L2) (Ebrahimi et al, 2019). Since HPVs present epithelia tissue tropism (Harden and Munger, 2017), sexual transmission (Ryndock and Meyers, 2014), and oncogenic property (Moens, 2018), their important status between human diseases and public health must be emphasized.…”

Section: Human Papilloma Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Tool to Study Human Infectious Viruses

Lin

Peng

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems are a set of versatile gene-editing toolkit that perform diverse revolutionary functions in various fields of application such as agricultural practices, food industry, biotechnology, biomedicine, and clinical research. Specially, as a novel antiviral method of choice, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively and effectively exploited to fight against human infectious viruses. Infectious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and other viruses are still global threats with persistent potential to probably cause pandemics. To facilitate virus removals, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has already been customized to confer new antiviral capabilities into host animals either by modifying host genome or by directly targeting viral inherent factors in the form of DNA. Although several limitations and difficulties still need to be conquered, this technology holds great promises in the treatment of human viral infectious diseases. In this review, we will first present a brief biological feature of CRISPR/Cas9 systems, which includes a description of CRISPR/Cas9 structure and composition; thereafter, we will focus on the investigations and applications that employ CRISPR/Cas9 system to combat several human infectious viruses and discuss challenges and future perspectives of using this new platform in the preclinical and clinical settings as an antiviral strategy.

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Section: Human Papilloma Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Tool to Study Human Infectious Viruses

Lin

Peng

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The CRISPR/Cas9 system can achieve direct DSB in the genome of DNA viruses, using NHEJ and/or HDR pathways to introduce site-specific indels or insertion of heterologous genes with high frequency [ 62 , 63 ]. In 2014, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was reported for insertion of foreign genes into an adenoviral vector and type I HSV (HSV-1) with only one round of selection, changing the genomes of large DNA viruses and interfering with virus replication [ 64 ].…”

Section: Crispr/cas System In Virology Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Advances of Virology Research Using CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene-Editing Technology and Its Application to Vaccine Development

Teng

Yao

Nair

et al. 2021

Viruses

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In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing techniques have been well developed and applied widely in several aspects of research in the biological sciences, in many species, including humans, animals, plants, and even in viruses. Modification of the viral genome is crucial for revealing gene function, virus pathogenesis, gene therapy, genetic engineering, and vaccine development. Herein, we have provided a brief review of the different technologies for the modification of the viral genomes. Particularly, we have focused on the recently developed CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing system, detailing its origin, functional principles, and touching on its latest achievements in virology research and applications in vaccine development, especially in large DNA viruses of humans and animals. Future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology in virology research, including the potential shortcomings, are also discussed.

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“…The ability to edit genomes quickly and efficiently has been accelerating within recent years due to the availability of novel genome editing tools. Most notably, CRISPR/Cas9 has been adapted to serve as a robust platform for generating recombinant mammalian, bacterial, fungal, protist and viral genomes within the laboratory 1 – 5 . In virology, CRISPR/Cas9 editing has proven useful in engineering medium to large DNA viruses, such as adenoviruses, herpesviruses and African swine fever virus 6 – 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In virology, CRISPR/Cas9 editing has proven useful in engineering medium to large DNA viruses, such as adenoviruses, herpesviruses and African swine fever virus 6 – 8 . In these cases, CRISPR/Cas9 greatly facilitates homologous recombination with transfer plasmids, which otherwise occurs at frequencies too low for identification of recombinants without mass screening or a means of selection 5 . The fundamental mechanism of CRISPR-mediated genome editing is two-fold: First, DNA is cleaved at a specified point by Cas9-guide RNA complexes (Cas9/gRNA) and second, these double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are efficiently repaired by cellular enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid poxvirus engineering using CRISPR/Cas9 as a selection tool

et al. 2020

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In standard uses of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the cutting of genomes and their efficient repair are considered to go hand-in-hand to achieve desired genetic changes. This includes the current approach for engineering genomes of large dsDNA viruses. However, for poxviruses we show that Cas9-guide RNA complexes cut viral genomes soon after their entry into cells, but repair of these breaks is inefficient. As a result, Cas9 targeting makes only modest, if any, improvements to basal rates of homologous recombination between repair constructs and poxvirus genomes. Instead, Cas9 cleavage leads to inhibition of poxvirus DNA replication thereby suppressing virus spread in culture. This unexpected outcome allows Cas9 to be used as a powerful tool for selecting conventionally generated poxvirus recombinants, which are otherwise impossible to separate from a large background of parental virus without the use of marker genes. This application of CRISPR/Cas9 greatly speeds up the generation of poxvirus-based vaccines, making this platform considerably more attractive in the context of personalised cancer vaccines and emerging disease outbreaks.

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Harnessing CRISPR/Cas 9 System for manipulation of DNA virus genome

Cited by 17 publications

References 157 publications

The Use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Tool to Study Human Infectious Viruses

The Use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Tool to Study Human Infectious Viruses

Latest Advances of Virology Research Using CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene-Editing Technology and Its Application to Vaccine Development

Rapid poxvirus engineering using CRISPR/Cas9 as a selection tool

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