Harvesting damage caused by thinning of Norway spruce in unfrozen soil

Sirén, Matti; Ala‐Ilomäki, Jari; Mäkinen, Harri; Lamminen, S.; Mikkola, T.

doi:10.1080/19132220.2013.792155

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Pilkerton et al, 2013;Marshall et al, 2006;Uusitalo et al, 2004) aims to maximise timber value for landowners and simultaneously satisfy quality requirements from sawmills, while thinning quality (e.g. Camp, 2002;Froese and Han, 2006;Sirén et al, 2013) aims to satisfy requirements from landowners regarding the state of residual stands. However, the bulk of technically-oriented research has been concerned with various aspects of harvesting efficiency, such as productivity (e.g.…”

Section: Performance Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of outsourced forest harvesting operations for better customer-contractor alignment

Eriksson

LeBel

Lindroos

2015

Forest Policy and Economics

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Section: Performance Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of outsourced forest harvesting operations for better customer-contractor alignment

Eriksson

LeBel

Lindroos

2015

Forest Policy and Economics

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“…These soil frost calculations can be also applied in studying climate change impacts on wind damage risks to forests as soil frost makes trees more resistant for uprooting by anchoring them effectively to the ground (Peltola et al, 1999;Saad et al, 2017). With regard to harvesting logistics, it would be interesting to study also whether clear cutting facilitates the transformation of some peatland stands marked for cutting in winter into stands marked for cutting in summer (Ala-Ilomäki et al 2011, Sirén et al 2013, Laitila et al 2016. This is because, compared to thinning, clear cutting allows greater freedom in the location of forwarding routes on site, as well as in organising route schedules (Uusitalo et al 2015b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small forest truck roads having light foundations do not either bear heavy timber 15 trucks in wet road sections unless the soil is frozen (Kaakkurivaara et al, 2015). Multiple passes of a harvester and a loaded forwarder may cause ruts on the forest floor (Suvinen, 2006;Sirén et al, 2013;Pohjankukka et al, 2016). Operations in poorly bearing conditions increase this rut formation and damage caused to tree roots and stems as well as time and fuel consumption in the harvesting (Sirén et al, 2013;Pohjankukka et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple passes of a harvester and a loaded forwarder may cause ruts on the forest floor (Suvinen, 2006;Sirén et al, 2013;Pohjankukka et al, 2016). Operations in poorly bearing conditions increase this rut formation and damage caused to tree roots and stems as well as time and fuel consumption in the harvesting (Sirén et al, 2013;Pohjankukka et al, 2016). Furthermore, the condition of road network affects to the fuel consumption in timber transportation (Svenson and Fjeld, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Projected decrease in wintertime bearing capacity on different forest and soil types in Finland under a warming climate

Lehtonen¹,

Venäläinen²,

Kämäräinen³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Trafficability in forest terrain is largely determined by ground-bearing capacity and it is thus one of the most important issues in timber harvesting. In winter, the bearing capacity is mainly determined by soil frost. Particularly on peatland 10 forests bearing capacity is poor under unfrozen conditions. The bearing capacity of forest truck roads is similarly affected by ground frost. Already 20 cm thick layer of frozen soil or 40 cm layer of snow on the ground can carry in Finnish forest conditions heavy machines in forest harvesting. In this work, we studied the impacts of climate change on soil frost conditions, and consequently on ground-bearing capacity of soils from the timber harvesting point of view. The number of days with good wintertime bearing capacity was modelled by using a soil temperature model and wide set of downscaled climate model data 15 until the end of the 21st century. The model was optimized for different forest and soil types. The results show that by the mid21st century, the wintertime bearing season length decreases in Finland most likely by about one month. The decrease in soil frost and wintertime bearing capacity will be more pronounced during the latter half of the century when drained peatlands may virtually lack soil frost in most of winters in southern and western Finland. The projected decrease in the bearing capacity, accompanied with increasing demand for wood harvesting from drained peatlands, induces a clear need for the development 20 of new sustainable and efficient logging practices for drained peatlands.

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“…Mechanized wood harvesting operations can cause rut formation, which deteriorates soil quality, decreases forest productivity and affects hydrological balance and water quality through changed sediment discharge [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Thus, the rut depth distribution is one of the central measures of the environmental and economic impact of harvesting operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Rut Depth by UAV Photogrammetry

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The rut formation during forest operations is an undesirable phenomenon. A methodology is being proposed to measure the rut depth distribution of a logging site by photogrammetric point clouds produced by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The methodology includes five processing steps that aim at reducing the noise from the surrounding trees and undergrowth for identifying the trails. A canopy height model is produced to focus the point cloud on the open pathway around the forest machine trail. A triangularized ground model is formed by a point cloud filtering method. The ground model is vectorized using the histogram of directed curvatures (HOC) method to produce an overall ground visualization. Finally, a manual selection of the trails leads to an automated rut depth profile analysis. The bivariate correlation (Pearson's r) between rut depths measured manually and by UAV photogrammetry is r = 0.67. The two-class accuracy a of detecting the rut depth exceeding 20 cm is a = 0.65. There is potential for enabling automated large-scale evaluation of the forestry areas by using autonomous drones and the process described.

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Harvesting damage caused by thinning of Norway spruce in unfrozen soil

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Management of outsourced forest harvesting operations for better customer-contractor alignment

Management of outsourced forest harvesting operations for better customer-contractor alignment

Projected decrease in wintertime bearing capacity on different forest and soil types in Finland under a warming climate

Estimating the Rut Depth by UAV Photogrammetry

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