“…nontoxic flocculants (e.g., organic polymers) have been intensively investigated but are too expensive for large-scale applications [50]. Autoflocculation by increasing the pH of the medium and electrolytic flocculation may be used to separate algae without the addition of chemicals and would be more economical than other harvesting techniques for marine microalgae [50,51].…”
Section: High Capital and Operating Costs Hamper Commercial-scale Algmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Autoflocculation by increasing the pH of the medium and electrolytic flocculation may be used to separate algae without the addition of chemicals and would be more economical than other harvesting techniques for marine microalgae [50,51]. Moreover, unlike other harvesting technologies, the cost contribution to algal lipid from electrolytic flocculation was unaffected by the concentration of algae in the algal water [52].…”
Section: High Capital and Operating Costs Hamper Commercial-scale Algmentioning
“…nontoxic flocculants (e.g., organic polymers) have been intensively investigated but are too expensive for large-scale applications [50]. Autoflocculation by increasing the pH of the medium and electrolytic flocculation may be used to separate algae without the addition of chemicals and would be more economical than other harvesting techniques for marine microalgae [50,51].…”
Section: High Capital and Operating Costs Hamper Commercial-scale Algmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Autoflocculation by increasing the pH of the medium and electrolytic flocculation may be used to separate algae without the addition of chemicals and would be more economical than other harvesting techniques for marine microalgae [50,51]. Moreover, unlike other harvesting technologies, the cost contribution to algal lipid from electrolytic flocculation was unaffected by the concentration of algae in the algal water [52].…”
Section: High Capital and Operating Costs Hamper Commercial-scale Algmentioning
“…So far, however, only a few studies have explored the potential of clays for harvesting microalgae. One study explored the use of synthetic organoclays with specific surface properties for flocculating Chlorella (Lee et al 2013b). Farooq et al (2013) successfully demonstrated aminoclay harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloris oculata.…”
Section: Novel Approaches For Flocculationmentioning
Large-scale production of microalgae for biofuels is still facing several major challenges to become competitive with other forms of renewable and nonrenewable energy. A major challenge is harvesting, which requires the separation of a low amount of biomass consisting of small individual cells from a large volume of culture medium. Flocculation is seen as a promising low-cost harvesting method for microalgae biomass. In this chapter, the challenges and potential advantages of using flocculation as a harvesting method for microalgae are reviewed.
“…KR-1) was obtained from the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). Cultivation conditions were the same as in previous studies (Lee et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014). A final cell density and lipid content was 1.7 g/L and 35% lipid content, respectively.…”
Section: Microalgae Cultivation and Harvestingmentioning
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