Has global warming modified the relationship between sunspot numbers and global temperatures?

Krištoufek, Ladislav

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2016.10.089

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The opposite reactions of the radial growth to the solar cycle were observed in our results after 1960. Simultaneously, global temperature was affected due to increasing CO 2 since 1960, which disturbed the natural process of solar cycles [100]. This fact of opposite correlations could be attributed to solar activity or climate change, where both factors are accompanied by changes in the NAO [47].…”

Section: Solar Cycles Climate Change and The Possible Link To European Beechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Rings of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Indicate the Relationship with Solar Cycles during Climate Change in Central and Southern Europe

Šimůnek

Vacek

et al. 2021

Forests

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The impact of solar cycles on forest stands, while important in the development of the forest environment during climate change, has not yet been sufficiently researched. This work evaluates the radial growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the mountain areas of southern Italy and central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland) in correlation to solar cycles (sunspot number), extreme climatic events, air temperatures and precipitation totals. This research is focused on the evaluation of the radial growth of beech (140 dendrochronological samples with 90–247 years of age) from 1900 to 2019. The time span was divided into the following three periods: 1) a period of regular harvesting (1900–1969), 2) a period of air pollution crisis (1970–1985) and 3) a period of forest protection (1986–2019). The results indicate that the solar cycle was significantly involved in radial growth on all research plots. With regard to the evaluated precipitation totals, seasonal temperatures and the sunspot number, the latter was the most significant. Temperatures had a positive effect and precipitation had a negative effect on the radial increment of beech in central Europe, while in southern Italy, the effect of temperature and precipitation on the increment is reversed. In general, the limiting factor for beech growth is the lack of precipitation during the vegetation season. The number of negative pointer years (NPY) with an extremely low increment rose in relation to the decreasing southward latitude and the increasing influence of climate change over time, while a higher number of NPY was found in nutrient-richer habitats compared to nutrient-poorer ones. Precipitation and temperature were also reflected in the cyclical radial growth of European beech. The relationship between solar cycles and the tree ring increment was reversed in southern Italy and central Europe in the second and third (1970–2019) time periods. In the first time period (1900–1969), there was a positive relationship of the increment to solar cycles on all research plots. In the tree rings of European beech from southern Italy and central Europe, a relationship to the 11-year solar cycle has been documented. This study will attempt to describe the differences in beech growth within Europe, and also to educate forest managers about the relevant influence of solar cycles. Solar activity can play an important role in the growth of European beech in central and southern Europe, especially during the recent years of global climate change.

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Section: Solar Cycles Climate Change and The Possible Link To European Beechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Rings of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Indicate the Relationship with Solar Cycles during Climate Change in Central and Southern Europe

Šimůnek

Vacek

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…The significant effect was shown by the parameter of observed surface-temperature changes from 1996 to 2016 using Landsat images, and the survey findings were used to validate the temperature. According to a study conducted by Kristoufek [19], there is a significant connection between an increase in CO 2 emissions and global temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Analysis of Mangrove Forest Management to Reduce Air Temperature and CO2 Emissions

2021

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Surabaya is a coastal city that is still developing. Like other developing cities, Surabaya highly suppresses mangrove forests for residential, industrial, and other areas. Mangrove forests supply oxygen for the population of Surabaya. Forest mangroves reduce the effects of global warming and preserve sustainable coastal ecosystems. This research aimed to (1) map temperature changes in Surabaya over a period of 20 years (1996–2016) by using remote sensing and GIS, and (2) examine mangrove forests’ ability to absorb CO2 and decrease the impact of global warming in Surabaya. Research results showed that: (1) on the basis of the analysis of the temperature surface area, temperatures changed significantly between 1996 and 2016. Temperature changes can be classified into low, moderate, or high. The low-temperature area of 21–30 °C followed a different pattern. Each year, changes in the high-surface-temperature area were in the range of 31–42 °C. Changes highly increased in the period of 2006–2016. This indicates that Surabaya experienced a significant temperature increase in 2016. (2) There was correlation between the change in mangrove forest cover and the change in temperature; CO2 concentration in mangrove, vegetation, and water areas decreased as it grew in areas used for construction, such as factories, residences, and roads. CO2 concentration in Surabaya showed a distribution in the “high” and “extremely high” categories. The high category was 27.5%, and the extremely high category was 67.5%. The sample point in both the moderate and low category was around 25%.

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“…Another significant element diminishing the correlations between solar cycles (Figure 3A) and European beech radial growth in the last two solar cycles (23 and 24) may be the increasing CO 2 concentration in atmosphere that causes an increase in European beech radial growth, which was proved in southern and Central Europe (Rezaie et al 2018). Simultaneously, global temperature was affected due to increasing CO 2 , which disturbed the natural process of solar cycles in relation to climate (Kristoufek 2017). A decreasing correlation could be linked to the effect of solar activity on climate change, where both factors are associated with the changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (Lüdecke et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding an imprint of solar and climatic cycles in tree rings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Šimůnek¹,

Prokůpková²,

Gallo³

2021

J. For. Sci.

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The present study is focused on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) growth in eastern Bohemia in the Broumovské stěny National Nature Reserve, Czech Republic. The objective of this research was to develop an evaluation of European beech radial growth in relation to solar activity (number of sunspots), air temperature in the growing season, annual precipitation and air pollution (SO<sub>2</sub> depositions). The highest positive significant correlation coefficient was found between radial growth of European beech and number of sunspots, followed by the correlation with air temperature in the growing season. The radial growth showed a negative significant correlation with SO<sub>2</sub> depositions. The correlation of the radial growth indicates that precipitation and sunspots have a lower correlation coefficient with beech growth than seasonal temperature during an air pollution disaster in the 21st solar cycle. Radial growth, precipitation total and air temperature in the growing season were processed by spectral analysis for the evaluation of periodic cycles. The 7.5- to 11-year cycles were observed in air temperature and in sunspot cycles. Precipitation and air temperature in the growing season indicate a higher frequency at 3.7-year cycles. The long-term periodicity of radial growth was influenced by both solar activity and fluctuations of growing-season air temperature.

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Has global warming modified the relationship between sunspot numbers and global temperatures?

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Tree Rings of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Indicate the Relationship with Solar Cycles during Climate Change in Central and Southern Europe

Tree Rings of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Indicate the Relationship with Solar Cycles during Climate Change in Central and Southern Europe

Spatial Analysis of Mangrove Forest Management to Reduce Air Temperature and CO2 Emissions

Finding an imprint of solar and climatic cycles in tree rings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

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