Hate Speech and Blasphemy on Social Media in Indonesia: Forensic Linguistic Studies

Abstract

The development of technology and information as well as the very rapid use of social media today makes it easy for someone to write a status or comment about what he thinks. Not infrequently, someone's status or speech on social media which is considered to contain elements of language crime can have legal implications if other peoples feel insulted by the utterances. This study aims to analyze hate speech that contains elements of blasphemy on social media and the legal impact of these utterances. The research method used is qualitative with a forensic linguistic approach. The data source is taken from the decision of the Medan District Court with decision number 931/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.Mdn has permanent legal force. Based on data analysis, the results of this study are: (1) the expressive speech act committed by the defendant contains utterances of hatred or contempt for a particular religion and (2) based on the appraisal system analysis, the defendant's utterance of hatred towards religion was evident from the use of language which was reflected in her attitude. The results of this study are that there is a criminal act intentionally showing hatred towards certain individuals and or groups of people based on religion through social media based on Article 28 paragraph (2) of Law No.19 of 2016 about the changes of the Law Number 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) in terms of speech act theory and appraisal system.

Hate Speech in Indonesia: A Forensic Linguistics

“…There are five sources of data used from 20 articles. (Syahid, A,, Sudana, D., Bachari., A.D,. 2021).…”

Perundungan Siber (Cyberbullying) Bermuatan Penistaan Agama Di Media Sosial Yang Berdampak Hukum: Kajian Linguistik Forensik

“…Tindak pidana penistaan agama yang dilakukan secara langsung tanpa melalui media elektronik seperti pada poster, spanduk, baliho, ujaran lisan, dan lain sebagainya diatur dalam Pasal 156 KUHP dengan ketentuan lex generalis, sedangkan tindak pidana penistaan agama yang dilakukan dengan media elekrtonik seperti media sosial, website, blog, e-mail, dan lain sebagainya diatur dalam UU ITE dengan ketentuan lex specialist (Bachari, 2020). Sehingga untuk dapat mendudukkan suatu fakta hukum terkait pelanggaran UU ITE diperlukan beberapa pandangan ahli di antaranya; (1) ahli hukum pidana, yaitu untuk melihat apakah suatu tindakan yang dilakukan memenuhi unsur pidana atau tidak, (2) ahli ITE, yaitu untuk melihat apakah benar telah terjadi suatu peristiwa hukum terkait informasi dan transaksi elekrtonik, (3) ahli bahasa, yaitu untuk melihat apakah muatan informasi dalam bentuk bahasa tersebut bermuatan sesuatu (seperti; penistaan, pengancaman, berita bohong, ujaran kebencian, hasutan, fitnah, dan lain-lain), serta ahli-ahli lainnya terkait pelanggaran hukum yang terjadi (Syahid, Sudana, & Bachari, 2021). Dalam data kasus penelitian ini, cyberbullying yang mengandung unsur SARA atau penistaan agama dilakukan melalui media sosial, sehingga pasal-pasal yang dapat diterapkan adalah pasal UU ITE, yaitu Pasal 28 ayat (2) Jo.…”

A Forensic Linguistic Study

“…Furthermore, some studies on language crime also explored blasphemy (Kartika & Wihadi, 2018;Syahid et al, 2021) and hate speech from a political perspective (Iswatiningsih et al, 2019;Mintowati et al, 2019;Wulandari, 2022). Kartika & Wihadi (2018) Syahid et al (2021) analyzed the blasphemy element in somebody's speech on social media, and the researcher took the data from the Medan District Court. Iswatiningsih et al (2019) discussed the hate speech spoken by the supporters of Indonesian presidential candidates on Facebook and Instagram.…”