Hazard and risk mapping of malaria disease in Iran: An 11 year trend

Abstract

Illness) surveillance.Methods: The surveillance activities include the epidemiology and virology aspect. Each PHCs collects the specimens from ILI cases and send the specimens to designated laboratory.Results: The types of seasonal influenza are Influenza A and Influenza B. The subtypes of Influenza A are H1N1 and H3N2, but since 2010 the subtypes of seasonal influenza is add by the H1N1pdm09. Since 2007, in the average of the proportion number of influenza A each year around 15 -20%, while influenza B around 5 to 10%. The dominant subtypes vary each year. In 2010 and 2011, the dominant subtype of Influenza A is H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 respectively. The flu season based on Influenza-Like Illness surveillance data in Indonesia cannot be predicted since the weather of dry and rainy season are also unpredictable due to the global warming. The highest influenza case is in the age group of 5 until 15 years old. However, there is no significant different number of cases between male and female. Influenza that caused outbreak in Indonesia is Avian Influenza which is Influenza A subtype H5N1. By the end of October 2011, Indonesian reported 181 cumulative cases and 149 fatal cases of Influenza H5N1. Conclusion:The influenza surveillance in Indonesia is very important due to monitoring the circulating influenza strain and also to provide information for the national program to control influenza and pandemic influenza preparedness. The surveillance data is also important for the global vaccine selection strain

Measles Elimination Successful and Its Relevant Challenges in Iran

“…Because the success rate of measles vaccination is 90–95%, some people are unwilling to receive measles vaccination, especially those who belong to the vulnerable groups of society. [ 10 ] If appropriate preventive interventions are not conducted, outbreaks may happen in the future. In a study investigating the risk of measles outbreaks in Iran, it was suggested that drastic measures should be taken to improve relevant health care indexes in Iran.…”