Hazards of transgenic plants containing the cauliflower mosaic viral promoter

Ho, Mae‐Wan; Ryan, Angela; Cummins, Joe

doi:10.3402/mehd.v12i1.8038

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In few cases, the promoter sequences may lead to reactivate the dormant viruses as well as can generate new viruses (Hodgson 2000). In contrary to this hypothesis, CaMV, present in the normal food, cannot cause infections and thus mammals cannot absorb it (Ho et al 2000). No disease or recombination with human viruses has ever been reported irrespective of the fact that humans have been ingesting high levels of CaMV and its 35S promoter (Paparini and Romano-Spica 2004).…”

Section: Potential Risk Of the Introduced Gene Cassettementioning

confidence: 99%

Safe use of Cry genes in genetically modified crops

Rahman

Zaman

Shaheen³

et al. 2015

Environ Chem Lett

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Section: Potential Risk Of the Introduced Gene Cassettementioning

confidence: 99%

Safe use of Cry genes in genetically modified crops

Rahman

Zaman

Shaheen³

et al. 2015

Environ Chem Lett

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“…The use of the CaMV 35S promoter for the expression of transgenes in plants has attracted controversy because it is considered a recombination hotspot (Ho et al, 1999(Ho et al, , 2000Kohli et al, 1999). The evidence for this hotspot was based on a limited number of intrachromosomal recombination events (Kohli et al, 1999), as recombination involving the 35S RNA promoter was detected in four of the 12 transgenic rice lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have used this study to suggest that recombination associated with the 35S RNA promoter could lead to untenable risks to human health and to the environment. These risks include the accidental activation of plant genes or endogenous viruses that could somehow promote cancer in humans, or that the 35S RNA promoter might recombine with mammalian viruses such as Human immunodeficiency virus, with unexpected consequences (Ho et al, 1999(Ho et al, , 2000. The uncertainty associated with recombination involving the 35S RNA promoter has created an environment of fear within the general public that has damaged the credibility of genetically modified plant products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excision and Episomal Replication of Cauliflower mosaic virus Integrated into a Plant Genome

et al. 2011

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Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants containing a monomeric copy of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) genome exhibited the generation of infectious, episomally replicating virus. The circular viral genome had been split within the nonessential gene II for integration into the Arabidopsis genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were assessed for episomal infections at flowering, seed set, and/or senescence. The infections were confirmed by western blot for the CaMV P6 and P4 proteins, electron microscopy for the presence of icosahedral virions, and through polymerase chain reaction across the recombination junction. By the end of the test period, a majority of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants had developed episomal infections. The episomal form of the virus was infectious to nontransgenic plants, indicating that no essential functions were lost after release from the Arabidopsis chromosome. An analysis of the viral genomes recovered from either transgenic Arabidopsis or nontransgenic turnip (Brassica rapa var rapa) revealed that the viruses contained deletions within gene II, and in some cases, the deletions extended to the beginning of gene III. In addition, many of the progeny viruses contained small regions of nonviral sequence derived from the flanking transformation vector. The nature of the nucleotide sequences at the recombination junctions in the circular progeny virus indicated that most were generated by nonhomologous recombination during the excision event. The release of the CaMV viral genomes from an integrated copy was not dependent upon the application of environmental stresses but occurred with greater frequency with either age or the late stages of plant maturation.

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“…We wrote a detailed rebuttal, which was likewise circulated and posted to the same website, and have not received any replies from our critics since. But in January 2000, Nature Biotechnology published a distorted, one-sided and offensive account of our paper, concentrating on the criticisms and ignoring our rebuttal completely, which we published in the same journal that carried the first paper [112].…”

Section: Hazards Of the Camv 35s Promotermentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Genetics and Natural versus Artificial Genetic Modification

Ho¹

2013

Entropy

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Abstract:The original rationale and impetus for artificial genetic modification was the "central dogma" of molecular biology that assumed DNA carries all the instructions for making an organism, which are transmitted via RNA to protein to biological function in linear causal chains. This is contrary to the reality of the "fluid genome" that has emerged since the mid-1970s. In order to survive, the organism needs to engage in natural genetic modification in real time, an exquisitely precise molecular dance of life with RNA and DNA responding to and participating in "downstream" biological functions. Artificial genetic modification, in contrast, is crude, imprecise, and interferes with the natural process. It drives natural systems towards maximum biosemiotic entropy as the perturbations are propagated and amplified through the complex cascades of interactions between subsystems that are essential for health and longevity.

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Hazards of transgenic plants containing the cauliflower mosaic viral promoter

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Safe use of Cry genes in genetically modified crops

Safe use of Cry genes in genetically modified crops

Excision and Episomal Replication of Cauliflower mosaic virus Integrated into a Plant Genome

The New Genetics and Natural versus Artificial Genetic Modification

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