HBV and HCV seroprevalence and their correlation with CD4 cells and liver enzymes among HIV positive individuals at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundThe co-existence of viral hepatitis caused by HBV and HCV become common causes of severe liver complication and immunological impairment among HIV infected individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and their correlation with CD4 and liver enzyme levels among HAART naïve HIV positive individuals.MethodA Cross-sectional study was conducted from March-May, 2011 at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. HBV and HCV serological tests and liver enzymes as well as CD4 T cell level determination were assessed following the standard procedures. Socio-demographic data was collected by using structured questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultAmong 400 study participants, the overall prevalence of HIV-viral hepatitis co-infection was 42(11.7%). The prevalence of HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections were 20(5.6%), 18(5.0%) and 4(1.1%) respectively. Study participants who had HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infection have relatively raised mean liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST and ALP) than HIV mono-infected once. Individuals with HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infection also had a lower mean CD4 levels than HIV mono-infected study participants. The mean CD4 value in males was lower than females.ConclusionThe prevalence of HBV and HCV was higher than reports from general population of the country. Raised levels of liver enzymes and lowered mean CD4 counts were seen in HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections. These findings underscore the importance of screening all HIV positive individuals before initiating antiretroviral treatment.

Magnitude of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus among HAART Taking Patients and Association with Liver and Renal Function and CD4+ T Cells Level

“…The reason for such variations in co-infection rate among HIV infected patients could possibly be due to difference in the distribution of these viruses in the various geographic locations, recruitment setting, sample size and ethnic variation. In this study the prevalence of HIV-HBV co-infection was slightly higher in males than females (2.6% vs. 2.08%) which also resembles with study by Wondimeneh et al [12].…”

“…The finding is close to what has been reported from Addis Ababa (6.0%) by Abera et al [20]. The observed 4.7% HIV-HBV co-infection rate was lower compared with the study in North West Ethiopia which reported 5.6% [12]. Conversely, HIV-HBV co-infection rate of this study was higher as compared to worldwide HBV prevalence which was 3.1% [21] [22,23], both from Addis Ababa and lower than study in Kenya (6%) and Nigeria (6%) [19,24].…”

“…The seroprevalence of HIV-HCV co-infection in this study was 1.0 % which is lower than World Health Organization estimate of HCV infection in general population(3%) [25], in south India (8.3%), Nigeria (4.0%) and Ethiopia (5.0%) [12,26,27]. On the other hand in this study non statistically significant higher prevalence of HCV-HIV co-infection was also observed in married (0.78%) which support a study in North West Gondar by Wondimeneh et al [12].…”

“…Study conducted in north-west Gondar showed that overall prevalence of viral hepatitis among HIV patients was 11.7%. The seroprevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV-HIV co-infection were 5.6% and 5.0%, respectively [12].…”

Epidemiological and Evolutionary Profile of HIV-HBV Co-Infected Patients Followed at Ambulatory Treatment Center in Fann Hospital Dakar-Senegal

“…This is higher than the average found in available sources: 34 years in the study of Chloe L. Thio et al (Thio et al, 2013), 36 years in that of Attia et al (Attia et al, 2012), 32 years in that realized by Yitayih M. et al (Yitayih, Meseret, Fanaye, & Yeshambel, 2013), 38 years in the work of H. Diop-Ndiaye et al (Diop-Ndiaye et al, 2008). This could be explained by the youth of the overall African population but also by the fact that the population is sexually active at this age.…”