HBV Transmission Risk Assessment in Healthcare Workers, Household and Sexual Contacts of HBV Infected Patients in the Southwest Region of Cameroon

Tufon, Kukwah Anthony; Meriki, Henry Dilonga; Kwenti, Tebit Emmanuel; Tony, Nyeke James; Malika, Ekeme; Bolimo, Ayah Flora; Kouanou, Youmbi Sylvain; Nkuo‐Akenji, Theresa; Anong, Damian Nota

doi:10.5001/omj.2019.62

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Results obtained in the current study show that one and six out of 129 of studied HCWs have positive laboratory results of HBV, and HCV respectively, most of them report no regularvirology investigation, and HBV vaccination is present in HD units and most of studied HCWs are vaccinated in their units, these results come in agreement with Tufon et al, (2019) with Bernieh, (2015) who report the prevalence of HCV infection is 4.1%, also, Westermann et al, (2015) who findthat prevalence of HCV infection among HCWs is 3.8 -6.0 %. As well as, Tavoschi et al, (2019) find that prevalence of HBV in European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country 0.6-2.2% , and For HCV the prevalence is0.8-6.4.…”

Section: Years Average Experience In Hemodialysis Departmentsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and CViruses among Health Care Workers at Governmental Hemodialysis Units

Hussein

El-Raouf

EmadEldien

2021

Mansoura Nursing Journal

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Egypt has one of the highest prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world. Occupational exposure to HBV and HCV is a well-recognized risk for health care workers (HCWs). The current study conducted to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV among HCWs in governmental hemodialysis units in Daqahlyagovernance (DG). Cross-sectional design was utilized to carry out this study. This study was conducted at 33 governmental hemodialysis units. The total number of the study participants were 1043 HCWs. Structured interviews were run to assess socio-demographic, and occupational characteristic of HCWs; their health history, and laboratory investigations were carried outto estimate the prevalence of HBV and HCV among themwhich were firstly for HCV (hepatitis C virus antibody 3rd generation);secondly for HBV (HBsAg, and hepatitis B surface antigen).Results indicated that46.8% of HCWs aged 30 to less than 40 years, 45.6% of HCWs were university education, 94.7% of HCWs received HBV vaccination, finally prevalence of HCV was 5.4%, while prevalence of HBV was 0.48%. the researcher could be concluded that: prevalence of both HBV and HCV among heath care workers at governmental hemodialysis units in Dakahlya governorate is very low; with the highest one for HCV than HBV. Finally, this study recommended that: Regular screening for HBV and HCV infection status among HCWs specially in hemodialysis units should be performed.

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Section: Years Average Experience In Hemodialysis Departmentsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and CViruses among Health Care Workers at Governmental Hemodialysis Units

Hussein

El-Raouf

EmadEldien

2021

Mansoura Nursing Journal

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“…HCWs represent one of the most important groups to protect against HBV infection in adults [ 11 , 12 ]. Safe and effective HBV vaccines have been commercially available since 1982.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Anti-Hbs after up to 30 Years in Health Care Workers Vaccinated against Hepatitis B Virus

et al. 2021

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The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem all over the world. Vaccination remains the most effective prevention measure, and safe and effective HBV vaccines have been available since 1982. Health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated against HBV and prospectively followed up for at least 14 years were classified by their antibody titers after primary vaccination as: poor responders (10–99 mIU/mL); moderate responders (100–999 mIU/mL); and good responders (≥1000 mIU/mL). The incidence of antibody loss was calculated for 1000 person-years and the anti-HBs persistence was calculated. The analysis concerned 539 HCWs: 494 good responders (91.7%); 37 moderate responders (6.9%); and eight poor responders (1.5%). The incidence of anti-HBs loss was 52.1 per 1000 person-years for the poor responders, 11.3 per 1000 person-years for the moderate responders, and 1.4 per 1000 person-years for the good responders. The mean persistence of anti-HBs differed significantly between the three groups, being: 19.2 years (95% CI: 15.6–22.8), 25.4 years (95% CI: 23.0–27.9), and 31.0 years (95% CI: 30.5–31.5) for the poor, moderate and good responders, respectively. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a good persistence of protective anti-HBs titers in HCWs exposed to occupational risk for up to 30 years after a primary vaccination cycle (even without a booster dose) if their titer was initially higher than 100 mIU/mL.

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“…The major risk factor related to HBV sexual transmission is unprotected sex with a partner infected with HBV (heterosexual or homosexual). In this situation, 26.1% of sexual partners showed evidence of past and/or current HBV infection [ 64 ]. When a non-HBV immune individual is exposed to blood from a patient positive for HBeAg or someone who has HBV DNA >10 6 IU/mL, the risk of HBV transmission is estimated at 19–30% [ 65 ].…”

Section: Transmission and Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Protection of Hepatitis B Vaccination among Different Genotypes

Tanaka

2020

Vaccines

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Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is the most effective method for preventing HB virus (HBV) infection. Universal HB vaccination containing recombinant HB surface antigens (HBsAg) is recommended. Our data revealed that human monoclonal HB surface antibody (anti-HBs) from individuals inoculated with genotype C-based HB vaccine induced cross-protection against HBV genotype A infection. An in vitro infection model demonstrated anti-HBs-positive sera from individuals inoculated with genotype A- or C-based HB vaccine harbored polyclonal anti-HBs that could bind to non-vaccinated genotype HBV. However, because there were low titers of anti-HBs specific for HBsAg of non-vaccinated genotype, high anti-HBs titers would be required to prevent non-vaccinated genotype HBV infection. Clinically, the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines state that periodic monitoring of anti-HBs levels after routine HB vaccination is not needed and that booster doses of HB vaccine are not recommended. However, the American Red Cross suggests that HB-vaccine-induced immune memory might be limited; although HB vaccination can prevent clinical liver injury (hepatitis), subclinical HBV infections of non-vaccinated genotypes resulting in detectable HB core antibody could not be completely prevented. Therefore, monitoring anti-HBs levels after routine vaccination might be necessary for certain subjects in high-risk groups.

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HBV Transmission Risk Assessment in Healthcare Workers, Household and Sexual Contacts of HBV Infected Patients in the Southwest Region of Cameroon

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and CViruses among Health Care Workers at Governmental Hemodialysis Units

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and CViruses among Health Care Workers at Governmental Hemodialysis Units

Persistence of Anti-Hbs after up to 30 Years in Health Care Workers Vaccinated against Hepatitis B Virus

Cross-Protection of Hepatitis B Vaccination among Different Genotypes

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