HC, CO, CO2 and NOx Emission Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Frying Oil Methyl Ester

Shirneshan, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.033

Cited by 61 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The SpVOC-IVOC emissions were observed to decrease with increasing engine load, with SpVOC-IVOC emission rates of 1019±65, 365±24, and 70±4 mg kg −1 at 30, 40, and 53 % load, respectively (see Table S7). This trend of decreasing VOC emission rates with increasing engine load has been observed in a number of previous studies for light-duty and medium-duty diesel vehicles (Cross et al, 2015;Shirneshan, 2013;Chin et al, 2012;Yamada et al, 2011) and can be explained by considering the engine operation. At low engine temperatures (i.e.…”

Section: Engine Loadsupporting

confidence: 75%

Technical note: Use of an atmospheric simulation chamber to investigate the effect of different engine conditions on unregulated VOC-IVOC diesel exhaust emissions

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Diesel exhaust emissions were introduced into an atmospheric simulation chamber and measured using thermal desorption (TD) comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionisation detector (GC × GC-FID). An extensive set of measurements were performed to investigate the effect of different engine conditions (i.e. load, speed, "driving scenarios") and emission control devices (with or without diesel oxidative catalyst, DOC) on the composition and abundance of unregulated exhaust gas emissions from a light-duty diesel engine, fuelled with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). A range of exhaust dilution ratios were investigated (range = 1 : 60 to 1 : 1158), simulating the chemical and physical transformations of the exhaust gas from near to downwind of an emission source. In total, 16 individual and 8 groups of compounds (aliphatics and singlering aromatics) were measured in the exhaust gas ranging from volatile to intermediate volatility (VOC-IVOC), providing both detailed chemical speciation and groupings of compounds based on their structure and functionality. Measured VOC-IVOC emission rates displayed excellent reproducibility from replicate experiments using similar exhaust dilution ratios. However, at the extremes of the investigated exhaust dilution ratios (comparison of 1 : 60 and 1 : 1158), measured VOC-IVOC emission rates displayed some disagreement owing to poor reproducibility and highlighted the importance of replicate sample measurements. The investigated DOC was found to remove 43 ± 10 % (arithmetic mean ± experimental uncertainty) of the total speciated VOC-IVOC ( SpVOC-IVOC) emissions. The compound class-dependant removal efficiencies for the investigated DOC were 39 ± 12 % and 83 ± 3 % for the aliphatics and single-ring aromatics, respectively. The DOC aliphatic removal efficiency generally decreased with increasing carbon chain length. The SpVOC-IVOC emission rates varied significantly with different engine conditions, ranging from 70 to 9268 mg kg −1 (milligrams of mass emitted per kilogram of fuel burnt). SpVOC-IVOC emission rates generally decreased with increasing engine load and temperature, and to a lesser degree, engine speed. The exhaust gas composition changed considerably as a result of two influencing factors: engine combustion and DOC hydrocarbon (HC) removal efficiency. Increased engine combustion efficiency resulted in a greater percentage contribution of the C 7 to C 12 n-alkanes to the SpVOC-IVOC emission rate. Conversely, increased DOC HC removal efficiency resulted in a greater percentage contribution of the C 7 to C 12 branched aliphatics to the SpVOC-IVOC emission rate. At low engine temperatures (< 150 • C, below the working temperature of the DOC), the contribution of n-alkanes in the exhaust gas increased with increasing combustion efficiency and may be important in urban environments, as n-alkanes are more efficient at producing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) thanPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1...

show abstract

Section: Engine Loadsupporting

confidence: 75%

Technical note: Use of an atmospheric simulation chamber to investigate the effect of different engine conditions on unregulated VOC-IVOC diesel exhaust emissions

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most studies have reported lower NOx from some biodiesel fuels. Vashist and Ahmad [37] and Shirneshan et al [38] reported lower Nox with biodiesel from waste frying oil and castor oil respectively. Generally, the fatty acid composition of biodiesel which contains both (saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) is the main index that determines its interaction/behaviour in the engine.…”

Section: Engine Performance Test and Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emission Profile of Micro-Algal Biodiesel in Compression Ignition Engine

Eloka‐Eboka

Inambao

2017

JERA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Micro-algae are a large and diverse group of simple typically autotrophic organisms which have the potential to produce greater amounts of non-polar lipids and biomass than most terrestrial biodiesel feedstocks. Having emerged as one of the most promising sources for biodiesel production, they are gaining research interests in the current energy scenario due to their phenomenal growth potential (< 21 days log phase) in addition to relatively high lipids production which are also excellent source of biodiesel. In this study, engine performance and emission profile was performed using biodiesel fuels and blends from micro-algal technology in a compression ignition engine. The technology of micro-algae involved open pond cultivation and the use of photo-bioreactor model BF-115 Bioflo/celli Gen made in the US of 14 litre capacity (200 Lux light intensity) and flowrate of 2.5L/min. The micro-algal species used were Chlorella vulgaris Scenedesmus obliquus, Senechococus spp and Duneliella spp. The biodiesel produced were blended with conventional diesel (AGO) at different proportions. The performance parameters evaluated include: engine power, torque, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), smoke opacity, thermal gravimetry, thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperatures and lubricity while the varying effects of emission pollutants during combustion were also studied. Results showed that viscosity, density and lubricity have significant effects on engine output power and torque than when throttled with AGO which was used as control. Combustion efficiency and emission profile were better than the AGO due to the oxygenated nature of the micro-algal biodiesel which brought about complete combustion. A striking deduction arrived is that oxygen content of the algal biodiesel had direct influence on smoke opacity and emissions in the engine and also thermo-gravimetrically stable for other thermal applications. The engine tests (BSFC, BTE, ThE, MechE, EGT) and overall emissions (CO 2 , CO, VOCs, HC, SOx, NOx) were within acceptable limits and comparable with AGO. The implication of the study is that Micro-algal technology is feasible and can revolutionize development in biodiesel industry.

show abstract

“…Although some new renewable and nonrenewable techniques like wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy and nuclear energy and resources like animal and plant waste, animal fat (Bankovic-llic et al 2014), vegetable oil (Gadge and Raheman 2005;Aicantara et al 2000;Baladhiya and Joshi 2016;Adewale et al 2015), which have been proven to be more eco-friendly resources than petro-diesel (Shirneshan et al 2012;Shirneshan 2013), have become very popular, their high price is becoming an obstacle for them to come into regular use. At the same time, it has been proven that the quantity of biofuels from living sources like vegetable oil, animal fat are not enough to meet world energy requirement for transportation fuel (Smith et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India

Karmakar

Rajor

Kundu³

et al. 2017

Pet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel from inedible sources has become prominent in last few decades. But it is economically incompatible with petroleum diesel. At the same time, both petro-diesel and biodiesels are concerned with environmental pollution, global warming, etc. Algae, on the other hand, utilize CO 2 for their growth and can minimize some sort of pollution level and results in carbon credit for a country. In Punjab, India, algae are seen to grow in many water bodies. But all those are taken away and dumped in vats. Some of this huge biomass was used for production of biodiesel in this work. Extraction of oil from algae was conducted by using Soxtherm (solvent extraction). An amount of 9 wt% of algal oil was extracted by comparatively costly hexane, whereas 8% extraction was done by cheaper acetone. In the transesterification reaction, molar ratio (methanol: oil) of 6:1, catalyst (KOH) concentration of 3 wt%, reaction temperature of 60°C, 60 min reaction time and a settling time of 2.5 h were found to be optimum conditions to get maximum ester with minimum free fatty acid content and viscosity. A statistical analysis for the transesterification procedure also showed a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and catalyst concentration of 3 wt% to be the optimum. Characterization of biodiesel was done and compared with ASTM/BIS standards. Most important properties of biodiesel ester like viscosity (3.12 cSt or 3.12 mm 2 /s), cloud and pour point (-1 and -6°C, respectively), flash and fire point (153 and 158°C), carbon residue content (0.03%), acid number (0.36 mg of KOH/gm) were within the range of concerned standards.

show abstract

HC, CO, CO2 and NOx Emission Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Frying Oil Methyl Ester

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

Technical note: Use of an atmospheric simulation chamber to investigate the effect of different engine conditions on unregulated VOC-IVOC diesel exhaust emissions

Technical note: Use of an atmospheric simulation chamber to investigate the effect of different engine conditions on unregulated VOC-IVOC diesel exhaust emissions

Performance and Emission Profile of Micro-Algal Biodiesel in Compression Ignition Engine

Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About