HCV infection in northeastern Brazil: unexpected high prevalence of genotype 3a and absence of African genotypes

Paraná, Raymundo; Vitvitski, L.; Berby, Françoise; Portugal, Marcelo; Cotrim, Helma Pinchemel; Cavalcante, A.J.W.; Lyra, Luiz Guilherme Costa; Trépo, C.

doi:10.1590/s0004-28032000000400005

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the present study, the most frequent genotype was genotype 1 (84% of infected patients), as also observed in several other geographic regions of Brazil (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). The fact that genotype 1b was more frequent in the present study placed these patients in the group of individuals with the worst response to currently available antiviral treatment (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), who are likely to be assigned to the group of pegylated interferon monotherapy since the use of ribavirin is contraindicated (17,39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hepatitis C virus infection in a Brazilian population with sickle-cell anemia

Torres

Pereira

Ximenes

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Patients with sickle-cell anemia submitted to frequent blood transfusions are at risk of contamination with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Determination of HCV RNA and genotype characterization are parameters that are relevant for the treatment of the viral infection. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of HCV infection and the positivity for HCV RNA and to identify the HCV genotype in patients with sickle-cell anemia with a history of blood transfusion who had been treated at the Hospital of the HEMOPE Foundation. Sera from 291 patients were tested for anti-HCV antibodies by ELISA 3.0 and RIBA 3.0 Chiron and for the presence of HCV RNA by RT-PCR. HCV genotyping was performed in 19 serum samples. Forty-one of 291 patients (14.1%) were anti-HCV positive by ELISA and RIBA. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed a greater risk of anti-HCV positivity in those who had started a transfusion regime before 1992 and received more than 10 units of blood. Thirty-four of the anti-HCV-positive patients (34/41, 82.9%) were also HCV RNA positive. Univariate analysis, used to compare HCV RNA-negative and -positive patients, did not indicate a higher risk of HCV RNA positivity for any of the variables evaluated. The genotypes identified were 1b (63%), 1a (21%) and 3a (16%). A high prevalence of HCV infection was observed in our patients with sicklecell anemia (14.1%) compared to the population in general (3%). In the literature, the frequency of HCV infection in sickle-cell anemia ranges from 2 to 30%. The serological screening for anti-HCV at blood banks after 1992 has contributed to a better control of the dissemination of HCV infection. Because of the predominance of genotype 1, these patients belong to a group requiring special treatment, with a probable indication of new therapeutic options against HCV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hepatitis C virus infection in a Brazilian population with sickle-cell anemia

Torres

Pereira

Ximenes

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide, followed by genotypes 3 and 2 (Sablon & Shapiro 2004). In most Brazilian regions, genotype 1 is the etiologic agent in 60-75% of HCV infections (Paraná et al 2000, Campiotto et al 2005. Genotype 3 is the second-most prevalent strain and genotype 2 constitutes less than 5% of cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Novais

Lopes

Reis³

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Intravenous drug injection has been reported as the main risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and the epidemiological profile of HCV infection among abusers of illegal injected and non-injected drugs in 5%). Logistic regression analyses showed independent associations between HCV infection and intravenous drug use, imprisonment and increasing age. In the present study, inject-, imprisonment and increasing age. In the present study, injecting drug use was the factor most strongly associated to HCV infection and inhaling or sniffing did not represent an increased susceptibility to infection.Key words: epidemiology -hepatitis C virus -illicit drug users -HCV prevalence -HCV epidemiology Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver disease and a major public health issue worldwide (Kew et al. 2004, Scheinmann et al. 2007. HCV is transmitted efficiently via the parenteral route, whereas transmission is less common due to sexual or perinatal contact. Estimates indicate that there are ~170 million people infected worldwide. In the West, the HCV-positive population ranges from less than 1-2% (Shepard et al. 2005).HCV is characterised by a high genetic variability and is classified into six major genotypes. Genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide, followed by genotypes 3 and 2 (Sablon & Shapiro 2004). In most Brazilian regions, genotype 1 is the etiologic agent in 60-75% of HCV infections (Paraná et al. 2000, Campiotto et al. 2005. Genotype 3 is the second-most prevalent strain and genotype 2 constitutes less than 5% of cases.Intravenous drug users are considered to be the main risk group for HCV infection and act as a reservoir for this blood-borne virus. Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among intravenous drug users ranges from 31-98% around the world and increases proportionally according to the duration of intravenous drug use (Memon & Memon 2002). Generally, genotypes 3a and 1a have been found more frequently in this group (Stark et al. 1995, Lanternier et al. 2007.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and the main genotypes circulating among illicit drug users in the capital of the state of Mato Grosso (MT), Cuiabá, Central Brazil. We also tried to identify factors associated with HCV infection in this population. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODSA cross-sectional study was designed in order to assess illicit drug users (injecting and non-injecting) who are or have been receiving treatment either during day visits or while staying in rehabilitation centres in the city of Cuiabá in 2007.The eight main centres offering this service were included. A peculiarity of all of these centres is that they only treat male patients. Thus, female patients were not included. Four other centres that had a small number of individuals in treatment were not visited due to access and logistical difficulties.The volunteers were approached in their respective treatment centres. Those who agreed to participate were interviewed...

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“…A distribuição dos genótipos HCV em mono-infectados da região de Botucatu segue o mesmo padrão do Estado de São Paulo 26 e de outros estados brasileiros [27][28][29] , ou seja, uma maior freqüência do genótipo 1 seguido pelos 3 e 2, observando-se também a presença dos genótipos 5 26,27,30 . Comparando-se a freqüência dos genótipos HCV entre pacientes mono e co-infectados verificamos que nos co-infectados houve um aumento de 10% no genótipo 1, uma queda de 7,7% do genótipo 3 e ausência de outros genótipos.…”

Section: Tabela 1 -Distribuição Dos Genótipos E Subtipos Virais Em Paunclassified

Co-infecção HIV/HCV em pacientes de Botucatu e região

Corvino

Henriques

Grotto

et al. 2007

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Devido à similaridade nas rotas de transmissão, a co-infecção HIV/HCV é freqüente, afetando em média 30 a 50% dos portadores de HIV. O presente estudo visou avaliar uma possível associação entre os subtipos do HIV e genótipos do HCV em pacientes co-infectados, com base na análise das freqüências em pacientes mono e co-infectados. Para determinação da freqüência dos subtipos HIV e genótipos HCV, foram analisados respectivamente 124 e 496 pacientes mono-infectados. O estudo da co-infecção foi realizado num grupo de 150 pacientes HIV positivos e esteve presente em 22 (14,7%) dos pacientes. A freqüência dos subtipos do HIV-1 em mono-infectados foi: subtipo B (85,5%), subtipo F (12,9%) e recombinante B/F (1,6%), enquanto nos genótipos HCV foi: 1a (25%), 1b (29,4%), 1a/1b (3,6%), 3a (35%), 2 (1,8%) e 5 (0,4%). Nos co-infectados o padrão de distribuição dos subtipos HIV-1 é semelhante aos mono-infectados, ou seja, subtipo B (85,0%), seguido do subtipo F (15,0%). A distribuição de freqüência de genótipos HCV nos co-infectados foi: 1a (36,3%), 1b (27,3%), 1a/1b (9,1%) e 3a (27,3%) mostrando um aumento de 10% na freqüência do genótipo 1, queda de 7,7% no genótipo 3 e ausência de outros genótipos. A análise estatística de associação entre os subtipos HIV e genótipos HCV (Goodman) mostrou que no genótipo 1 (HCV) ocorreu predominância do subtipo B, enquanto no genótipo 3 (HCV) a distribuição dos subtipos B e F (HIV-1) foi casual. Isto aponta para a necessidade de mais estudos desse grupo e um maior valor amostral.

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HCV infection in northeastern Brazil: unexpected high prevalence of genotype 3a and absence of African genotypes

Abstract: -The genomic diversity of HCV embraces 6 genotypes and at least

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Hepatitis C virus infection in a Brazilian population with sickle-cell anemia

Hepatitis C virus infection in a Brazilian population with sickle-cell anemia

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Co-infecção HIV/HCV em pacientes de Botucatu e região

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