Head-Up Auditory Displays for Traffic Collision Avoidance System Advisories: A Preliminary Investigation

Begault, Durand R.

doi:10.1177/001872089303500409

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several flight simulator studies have investigated the use of 3-D audio for the Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) which is installed in most commercial aircraft (Begault, 1993;Begault & Pittman, 1996;Begault, Wenzel & Lathrop, 1997;Oving, Veltman & Bronkhorst, this issue). These studies used a 3-D auditory display for the aural TCASwaming to convey the spatial location of an intruding aircraft to the pilots.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Audio in the Fighter Cockpit Improves Task Performance

Veltman

Oving²,

Bronkhorst³

2004

The International Journal of Aviation Psychology

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A flight simulator experiment was conducted to explore the benefits of a virtual 3-D audio display to support in-cockpit tasks regarding performance and workload. In half of the conditions, one or two tasks requiring information from a head-down display (HDD) were supported by 3-D audio. The performance on several tasks improved when 3-D audio was present, whereas no negative performance effects were foimd. Furthermore, the frequency of eye movements to the HDD was reduced more than 50% in all 3-D audio conditions. Physiological measures were not affected, indicating that mental effort was the same in all conditions. Only a small reduction in subjective workload in some 3-D audio conditions was observed. Pilots were also able to process the information from two independent 3-D auditory displays that were present at the same time. The results show that pilots can perform flight and in-cockpit tasks more efficiently when they are supported by 3-D audio. wordsRequests for reprints should be sent to Hans Veltman, TNO Human Factors,

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Audio in the Fighter Cockpit Improves Task Performance

Veltman

Oving²,

Bronkhorst³

2004

The International Journal of Aviation Psychology

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“…Each reader reviewed all eight patient data sets in a single session and the reader assessed the entire set of 32 cases (8,8,8,8) during four independent sessions with a two-week time interval between sessions. The readers were not told that they had reviewed the cases before.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the reproducibility of region of interest using an auditory feedback loop: A pilot assessment using dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) breast MR images

Chun

Clymer

Sammet

et al. 2007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To augment traditional visual data perception of complex multiparametric imaging data sets by adding auditory feedback to improve the delineation of regions of interest (ROIs) in tumor assessment in dynamic contrastenhanced (DCE) MRI. Materials and Methods:In addition to conventional display methodologies, we have created an application window which interfaces with audio output using dynamically loadable sound modules, providing goodness of fit (GF) information through auditory feedback. We have assessed effectiveness of conveying sound information with three independent readers on eight DCE-MR breast image data sets. The assessment was based on either conventional visual only mode or combined visual plus auditory mode. For statistical comparison between two sensory approaches, interobserver repeatability was measured with three different criteria.Results: Adding auditory feedback improves repeatability significantly (P Ͻ 0.01), and the enhanced sensory approach had higher repeatability than visual only mode in visually complex breast tumor cases. However, in easy and moderate cases, visual only mode was more reproducible than the combined mode with very high significance (P Ͻ 0.001). Conclusion:Adding auditory information to visual based image analysis for identifying tumor ROIs provides higher interobserver repeatability for analyzing complex multidimensional/multiparametric medical image data sets with visually difficult lesions to delineate. TODAY'S ADVANCED IMAGING scanner systems generate multiparametric and multimodality (computed tomography [CT], MR, positron emission tomography [PET], ultrasound [US]) information in a short amount of time.It is important to simultaneously access and to coherently communicate with all these different types of image information for better lesion characterization and for more accurate and reliable diagnostic image analysis in many clinical applications. As the complexity and combination of different types of acquired imaging data increase, conveying this information to a human observer in a meaningful way for diagnostic purpose becomes a bottleneck.The traditional method of analyzing medical images solely relies on the visual perception system, using grayscale values and color overlays to represent composite imaging data or showing different types of image data in a side by side display regarding which the observer must be trained to mentally align corresponding positions in the image data sets. Furthermore, the visual representation of complex medical images is often limited by screen size, two-dimensional (2D) display of three-dimensional (3D) spatial information, image resolution, and the capacity of the human visual system. Therefore, it is not easy to quickly access valuable information due to the complexity of multiparametric imaging data sets and the limits of visual perception system.Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is widely used as a powerful noninvasive clinical tool for the diagnosis of tumors and for therapy monitoring of a variety of treatment...

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“…Begault (1993Begault ( , 1998) used a mapping scheme for a display with a 70-degree visual FOV in which spatial audio cues were presented in seven positions from 9 to 3 o'clock (a total of 180 degrees), with these positions exaggerated in relationship to the visual stimuli by a factor of two (i.e., visual targets at 15 degrees' azimuth would be signaled by an audio warning heard at 30 degrees' azimuth). Note that this exaggerated relationship would result in a more than 2-1 visual-to-audio-cue ratio when a visual cue at a 70-degree FOV would be heard at 180 degrees.…”

Section: Audio Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Providing spatial auditory cues as guides (also known as aurally guided visual search) can facilitate detection of a visual target (Perrott et al 1991;Elias, 1995Elias, , 1996Perrott, Cisneros, McKinley, & D'Angelo, 1995, 1996Strybel, Boucher, Fujawa, & Volp, 1995;Fujawa & Strybel, 1997). Begault (1993) found that visual search times of commercial pilots were reduced by several (2.2) seconds when spatially correlated sounds were present. Elias (1996) found that aural cues enhanced visual search, particularly when 12 visual distractors were present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Audio Cues to Assist Visual Search in Robotic System Operator Control Unit Displays

Haas¹,

Pillalamarri²,

Stachowiak³

et al. 2005

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)December 2005 ARL-TR-3632 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTMission demands have made the robotics collaboration operator control unit (OCU) into a relatively dynamic, demanding, cognitively complex system where Soldiers must perform multiple tasks such as controlling multiple robots and processing large amounts of information in environments that sometimes contain high levels of noise. Research and modeling data indicate that audio display technologies would be very useful in OCU applications such as guiding visual display search. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the integration of auditory display technologies in visual search tasks such as those that occur in robotic OCUs. Independent variables were audio signal mapping scheme, type of verbal positional cue, and visual target azimuth. Dependent variables were visual target search time and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index workload rating of the target search task. Participants were 36 students (15 males and 21 females) from Harford Community College. The results indicated that the use of auditory signal mapping and verbal positional cues significantly reduced visual display search time and workload and that positional cues mixed with specific audio mappings were the most efficient means of reducing search time. Specific design recommendations are made regarding the use of auditory signals in environments with narrow field-of-view visual displays. SUBJECT TERMSauditory assisted visual search; auditory displays SECURITY

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Head-Up Auditory Displays for Traffic Collision Avoidance System Advisories: A Preliminary Investigation

Cited by 86 publications

References 9 publications

3-D Audio in the Fighter Cockpit Improves Task Performance

3-D Audio in the Fighter Cockpit Improves Task Performance

Improvement in the reproducibility of region of interest using an auditory feedback loop: A pilot assessment using dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) breast MR images

Audio Cues to Assist Visual Search in Robotic System Operator Control Unit Displays

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