Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of lavender’s essential oil: Optimization by response surface methodology

Virgiliou, Christina; Zisi, Ch.; Kontogiannopoulos, Konstantinos N.; Nakas, A; Iakovakis, Achilleas; Varsamis, Vasilios; Gika, Helen; Assimopoulou, Andreana N.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122852

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For further studies, it is recommended conducting a survey on adding synthetic and part synthetic compounds to commercial products containing essential oils. Te method used for analyses of the essential oil chemical profle is also important, and the GC-MS analysis represents well separation and identifcation of volatile compounds [34]. Te method described above could also be used for further analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Commercial Products and Biocultivated Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

Todorova

Ivanov

Georgieva

et al. 2023

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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The main aim of this study was to assess the differences in the chemical composition of essential oil from biocultivated Lavandula angustifolia in the Thracian Lowland floristic region, Bulgaria, and commercially available products from Bulgarian markets. Following the analytical results conducted with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we have established some differences in the chemical composition of the tested samples. The essential oil of biocultivated lavender contained 35 compounds, which represent 94.13% of the total oil. Samples from commercial products contained 28–42 compounds that represent 93.03–98.69% of the total oil. All the examined samples were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (1.68–12.77%), oxygenated monoterpenes (70.42–87.96%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (4.03–13.78%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (0.14–0.76%). The dominant components in all examined samples were linalool (20.0–45.0%) and linalyl acetate (20.79–39.91%). All the examined commercial samples contained linalool and linalyl acetate as was described in the European Pharmacopoeia, but in one of the samples, the quality of linalyl acetate is lower than that recommended in the European Pharmacopoeia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Commercial Products and Biocultivated Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

Todorova

Ivanov

Georgieva

et al. 2023

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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“…Initially, a sample’s dilution ratio and final volume were selected by testing different dilution ratios of essential oil in methanol—1:1000, 1:500 and 1:20 ( v / v )—and volumes of either 20 μL or 50 μL. Next, various thermal gradients were applied for the analysis of the QC sample, considering the literature and previous knowledge [ 37 ]. Finally, MS conditions, along with the main factors that affect HS injection (i.e., incubation temperature, incubation time, agitator speed, injection volume and injection flow rate) were considered and optimized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Distillation of Greek Oregano—Do Process Parameters Affect Bioactive Aroma Constituents and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity?

et al. 2023

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The aim of the present work was to optimize the conditions of the distillation process at a pilot scale to maximize the yield of specific bioactive compounds of the essential oil of oregano cultivated in Greece, and subsequently to study the in vitro antioxidant activity of these oils. Steam distillation was conducted at an industrial distillery and a Face-Centered Composite (FCC) experimental design was applied by utilizing three distillation factors: time, steam pressure and temperature. Essential oil composition was determined by static headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS–GC/MS). To obtain a comprehensive profile of the essential oils, instrumental parameters were optimized, including sample preparation, incubation conditions, sampling process, injection parameters, column thermal gradient and MS conditions. With the applied GC-MS method, more than 20 volatile compounds were identified in the headspace of the oregano essential oils and their relative percentages were recorded. Carvacrol was the most prominent constituent under all distillation conditions applied. Data processing revealed time as the main factor which most affected the yield. The desired space (DSc) was determined by conducting a three-dimensional response surface analysis of the independent and dependent variables, choosing yields of thymol and carvacrol as optimization criteria. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oils of all samples was measured in terms of the interaction with the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) after 20 and 60 min. The most prominent essential oils at different distillation conditions were also tested as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Higher % values of carvacrol and thymol were correlated to higher antioxidant activity. Evaluating the impact of the distillation conditions on the in vitro results, it seems that lower pressure, less time and higher temperature are crucial for enhanced antioxidant activities.

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“…There is no doubt that more attention should be shown on the applications of DoE on these aspects. Some examples of DoE techniques applied for the development of analysis method in GC, TLC, and HSCCC are listed in Table 4 [111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121].…”

Section: High-speed Countercurrent Chromatography (Hsccc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of experiment techniques for the optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions: A review

et al. 2022

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Design of experiment (DoE) techniques have been widely used in the field of chromatographic parameters optimization as a valuable tool. A systematic literature review of the available DoE techniques applied to the development of a chromatographic analysis method is presented in this paper. First, the most common available designs and the implementation steps of DoE are comprehensively introduced. Then the studies in recent 10 years for the application of DoE techniques in various chromatographic techniques are discussed, such as capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin‐layer chromatography, and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. Current problems and future outlooks are finally given to provide a certain inspiration of research in the application of DoE techniques to the different chromatographic techniques field. This review contributes to a better understanding of the DoE techniques for the efficient optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions, especially for the analysis of complex systems, such as multicomponent drugs and natural products.

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Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of lavender’s essential oil: Optimization by response surface methodology

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Comparison between the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Commercial Products and Biocultivated Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

Comparison between the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Commercial Products and Biocultivated Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

Optimizing the Distillation of Greek Oregano—Do Process Parameters Affect Bioactive Aroma Constituents and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity?

Design of experiment techniques for the optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions: A review

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