Headspace volatiles of marihuana and hashish: Gas chromatographic analysis of samples of different geographic origin

Multidimensional analysis of cannabis volatile constituents: Identification of 5,5-dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane as a volatile marker of hashish, the resin of Cannabis sativa L.

“…In comparison with cannabinoid derivatives, the volatile constituents of cannabis have received much less attention. Nevertheless, the chemical composition of the volatile fraction of cannabis derived products is well documented and has been mainly established through the analysis of their essential oils [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] or by means of headspace sampling techniques [25][26][27][28][29]. Hence, a large variety of volatile compounds representing all chemical classes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters) have been detected in cannabis samples [20].…”

“…Both hashish and bud samples provided two distinct regions in their 2D-chromatogram, roughly corresponding to the distribution areas of monoterpenic and sesquiterpenic derivatives. (26)(27)(28)(29) performed at the Institut National de Police Scientifique (Ecully, France). While several terpenes are common to all forms of cannabis, hashish samples are characterized by the presence of hashishene 11 eluting before ␣-pinene 13.…”

Extraction and analysis of different Cannabis samples by headspace solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

“…No direct correlation was observed between the content of these compounds and the geographical origin; genetic factors only were involved in the observed variations [12,13]. Furthermore, a poor repeatability in volatile composition was observed in samples originating from the same batch.…”

Characterizing the Smell of Marijuana by Odor Impact of Volatile Compounds: An Application of Simultaneous Chemical and Sensory Analysis

“…There are some clear favorites in instrumentation being used for analysis of headspace VOC emitted from marijuana. Gas-chromatography (GC) was used to try and distinguish marijuana of different geographic origins, with unsuccessful results for classification [ 12 ]. GC tandem mass-spectrometry (MS) was used to characterize volatile oil composition of dried and fresh marijuana buds [ 13 ], and to discern differences between volatile compounds found in male and female marijuana plants of Northern Lights and Hawaiian Indica [ 14 ].…”