Health Care Response to CCHF in US Soldier and Nosocomial Transmission to Health Care Providers, Germany, 2009

Abstract

Early recognition and implementation of appropriate infection control measures were effective in preventing further transmission.

Seroprevalence of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers in a hospital in an endemic region of Turkey

“…Some epidemiological studies argued that transmission of viral hemorrhagic fevers from one human to the other does not occur via air [21,24]. However, the cases of transmission to healthcare workers via aerosols were reported to have occurred during procedures such as bronchoscopy and resuscitation [32]. Transmission may occur via aerosolization from highly viremic patients or during invasive procedures performed during the treatment and follow-up of patients.…”

Biosafety standards for working with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

“…In a most recent report, two HCWs suffered an infection, probably while using bagvalve-mask ventilation or performing bronchoscopies on an infected patient (Conger et al, 2015). The obvious conclusion is to use fitted N95 masks if inhalation devices are used or aerosols might be actively generated in any other way.…”

“…A more recent detailed literature review of nosocomial CCHF transmission to HCWs listed 44 infections in 494 HCW contacts in 12 countries (Tarantola et al, 2007). Nosocomial infections were reported from South Africa Shepherd et al, 1985;Vandewal et al, 1985;Vaneeden et al, 1985a, b), Mauretania (Nabeth et al, 2004), Sudan (Elata et al, 2011), Albania (Harxhi et al, 2005;Papa et al, 2001), Kosovo (Papa et al, 2002), Bulgaria (Kunchev & Kojouharova, 2008;Papa et al, 2004), Turkey (Celikbas et al, 2014;Gürbüz et al, 2009), Iran (Chinikar et al, 2013;Mardani et al, 2009;Naderi et al, 2013), Dubai (Suleiman et al, 1980), Pakistan (Burney et al, 1980;Hasan et al, 2013), India , Tajikistan (ProMED-mail, 2009b), Kazakhstan (ProMED-mail, 2009a) and Germany (Conger et al, 2015).…”

Unexpected Risks for Campers and Hikers: Tick-Borne Infections

“…52 Although 2 cases of CCHF were reported in Germany in 2009, it was brought in from Afghanistan. 53 Most recently, two CCHF cases were reported on August 31, 2016 by the health authorities in Madrid, Spain; thus, CCHF has reached a Mediterranean country. 54 The incubation period varies from 1-13 days according to the type of transmission.…”