Health Disparities in Drug- and Alcohol-Use Disorders: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths After Detention

Welty, Leah J.; Harrison, Anna J.; Abram, Karen M.; Olson, Nichole D.; Aaby, David; McCoy, Kathleen P.; Washburn, Jason J.; Teplin, Linda A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.303032

Cited by 68 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Furthermore, many previously institutionalised youths struggle with problematic alcohol and drug use (e.g. Harder et al, 2011;Welty et al, 2016). Finally, rates of criminal behaviour are high (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult outcomes of youths who have spent time in a judicial treatment institution in the Netherlands

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Bijleveld

2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult outcomes of youths who have spent time in a judicial treatment institution in the Netherlands

Verbruggen

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Bijleveld

2018

LLCS

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“…5 By the median age of 28 years, 91.3% of males and 78.5% of females have ever had an SUD. 6 Substance abuse in adolescence can have lifelong consequences. 7 It predicts substance abuse later in life and among delinquent youth is also associated with recidivism, 8,9 sexually transmitted diseases, 10 psychiatric comorbidity, and early violent death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Substance Use Disorder in Youth After Detention: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study

Welty

Hershfield

Abram

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective Identify trajectories of substance use disorders (SUDs) in youth during the 12 years after detention, and how gender, race/ethnicity, and age at baseline predict trajectories. Method As part of the Northwestern Juvenile Project, a longitudinal study of 1,829 youth randomly sampled from detention in Chicago, Illinois, 1995–1998, participants were re-interviewed in the community or correctional facilities up to 9 times over 12 years. Independent interviewers assessed SUDs using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children 2.3 (baseline) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule IV (follow-ups). Primary outcome was a mutually exclusive 5-category typology of disorder: no SUD, alcohol alone, marijuana alone, comorbid alcohol and marijuana, or “other” illicit (“hard”) drug. We estimated trajectories using growth mixture models with a 3-category ordinal variable derived from the typology. Results During the 12-year follow-up, 19.6% of youth did not have an SUD. The remaining 81.4% were in 3 trajectory classes. Class 1 (24.5%), a bell-shaped trajectory, peaked 5 years after baseline when 42.7% had an SUD and 12.5% had comorbid/“other” illicit drug disorders. Class 2 (41.3%) had higher prevalence of SUD at baseline (73.8%). Although prevalence decreased over time, 23.5% had an SUD 12 years later. Class 3 (14.6%), the most serious and persistent trajectory, had the highest prevalence of comorbid/“other” illicit drug disorders—52.1% at baseline and 17.4% 12 years later. Males, Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites, and youth who were older at baseline (detention) had the worst outcomes. Conclusion Gender, race/ethnicity, and age at detention predict trajectories of SUDs in delinquent youth. Findings provide an empirical basis for child psychiatry to address health disparities and improve prevention.

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“…This may be because, in our sample, substance use disorders, a risk factor for many behaviors, are more common in non-Hispanic white females than in racial/ethnic minority females. 44 Of note, as in the general population, 45 African American females in our sample had 7…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 54%

Disparities in HIV/AIDS Risk Behaviors After Youth Leave Detention: A 14-Year Longitudinal Study

et al. 2017

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OBJECTIVES: To examine changes in the prevalence of 15 HIV/AIDS sex and drug risk behaviors in delinquent youth during the 14 years after they leave detention, focusing on sex and racial/ethnic differences. METHODS:The Northwestern Juvenile Project, a prospective longitudinal study of 1829 youth randomly sampled from detention in Chicago, Illinois, recruited between 1995 and 1998 and reinterviewed up to 11 times. Independent interviewers assessed HIV/AIDS risk behaviors using the National Institutes on Drug Abuse Risk Behavior Assessment. RESULTS:Fourteen years after detention (median age, 30 years), one-quarter of males and one-tenth of females had >1 sexual partner in the past 3 months. One-tenth of participants reported recent unprotected vaginal sex with a high-risk partner. There were many sex and racial/ethnic differences. For example, African American males had 4.67 times the odds of having >1 partner than African American females (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.22-6.76). Over time, compared with non-Hispanic white males, African American males had 2.56 times the odds (95% CI, 1.97-3.33) and Hispanic males had 1.63 times the odds (95% CI, 1.24-2.12) of having multiple partners, even after adjusting for incarceration and age. Non-Hispanic white females were more likely to have multiple partners than racial/ethnic minority females. CONCLUSIONS:Although rates decrease over time, prevalence of sex risk behaviors are much higher than the general population. Among males, racial/ethnic minorities were at particular risk. The challenge for pediatric health is to address how disproportionate confinement of racial/ethnic minority youth contributes to disparities in the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

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Health Disparities in Drug- and Alcohol-Use Disorders: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths After Detention

Cited by 68 publications

References 80 publications

Adult outcomes of youths who have spent time in a judicial treatment institution in the Netherlands

Adult outcomes of youths who have spent time in a judicial treatment institution in the Netherlands

Trajectories of Substance Use Disorder in Youth After Detention: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study

Disparities in HIV/AIDS Risk Behaviors After Youth Leave Detention: A 14-Year Longitudinal Study

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