Personal action constructs represent the explicitly action‐oriented part of the personality system and include personalized motivational constructs such as developmental tasks, goals, personal projects, and possible selves. They capture the contingencies of goal‐directed behavior on the environment and are shaped by age, social role, and sociohistorical context. Research concerning these midlevel personality constructs has made substantial contributions to the understanding of how development of the self as well as self‐regulation contribute to outcomes of health and well‐being in adult development and aging. Personal action constructs address the complexity of the personality system beyond trait‐based approaches and are of particular interest to gerontologists because adults' goals and self‐regulatory processes are dynamic, exhibiting growth and development into advanced age.