Health Outcomes Associated With Military Deployment: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Blast, Trauma, and Combat Associations in the Florida National Guard

Vanderploeg, Rodney D.; Belanger, Heather G.; Horner, Ronnie D.; Spehar, Andrea M.; Powell‐Cope, Gail; Luther, Stephen L.; Scott, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.024

Cited by 147 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Data from this study confirm and extend initial reports regarding high prevalence of pain and psychiatric disorders among OIF/OEF/OND servicemembers who have returned from deployment [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Using two geographically diverse study sites; structured, face-to-face clinical diagnostic and history interviews; and standardized self-report measures of symptom severity, we found that 86 percent of our sample reported experiencing an injury, one-third of which were associated with blast exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…While several studies have described high comorbidity rates [6,[8][9][10][11]16], reported prevalence has been based either on diagnoses extracted from medical records or from self-reported symptom inventories. Medical record data are often incomplete or document varied diagnostic impressions that may or may not conform to accepted diagnostic nomenclatures or criteria [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An OIF/OEF/OND registry of Veterans was established to facilitate tracking of the healthcare needs and services provided to this cohort. Emerging data document high rates of medical and mental health conditions among OIF/OEF/OND Veterans [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Of particular note are exceptionally high rates of painful musculoskeletal disorders, other painful medical conditions, and associated diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and other conditions [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain and psychiatric comorbidities among two groups of Iraq and Afghanistan era Veterans

et al. 2016

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Abstract-This study aimed to (1) identify the prevalence and severity of pain and psychiatric comorbidities among personnel who had been deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) and (2) assess whether the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma System of Care and an OIF/OEF/OND registry reflect real differences among patients. Participants (N = 359) were recruited from two VA hospitals. They completed a clinical interview, structured diagnostic interview, and selfreport measures. Results indicated pain was the most common complaint, with 87% experiencing pain during the prior week and 56% reporting moderate or severe pain. Eighty percent of participants met criteria for at least one of seven assessed comorbid problems (moderate or severe pain, postconcussional disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], anxiety disorder, mood disorder, substance use disorder, psychosis), and 59 percent met criteria for two or more problems. PTSD and postconcussional disorder rarely occurred in the absence of pain or other comorbidities (0.3% and 0%, respectively). The Polytrauma group had more comorbid psychiatric conditions ( χ 2 = 48.67, p < 0.05) and reported greater severity of symptoms (p < 0.05) than the Registry group. This study confirmed the high prevalence of pain and concurrent mental health problems among personnel returning from military deployment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain and psychiatric comorbidities among two groups of Iraq and Afghanistan era Veterans

et al. 2016

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“…12 Mild head trauma is common among professional athletes engaged in contact and collision sports 2 and military personnel 13 ; this review will focus on models of mTBI more relevant to sports-related injury. The primary cause of mTBI in sports is the application of both linear and rotational acceleration and impact deceleration forces to the brain, inducing nonpenetrating diffuse rather than focal damage.…”

Section: Mild and Repeated Mtbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated mild traumatic brain injury: potential mechanisms of damage

2016

Cell Transplant

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents a significant public healthcare concern, accounting for the majority of all head injuries. While symptoms are generally transient, some patients go on to experience long-term cognitive impairments and additional mild impacts can result in exacerbated and persisting negative outcomes. To date, studies using a range of experimental models have reported chronic behavioral deficits in the presence of axonal injury and inflammation following repeated mTBI; assessments of oxidative stress and myelin pathology have thus far been limited. However, some models employed induced acute focal damage more suggestive of moderate-severe brain injury and are therefore not relevant to repeated mTBI. Given that the nature of mechanical loading in TBI is implicated in downstream pathophysiological changes, the mechanisms of damage and chronic consequences of single and repeated closed-head mTBI remain to be fully elucidated. This review covers literature on potential mechanisms of damage following repeated mTBI, integrating known mechanisms of pathology underlying moderate-severe TBIs, with recent studies on adult rodent models relevant to direct impact injuries rather than blast-induced damage. Pathology associated with excitotoxicity and cerebral blood flow-metabolism uncoupling, oxidative stress, cell death, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, astrocyte reactivity, microglial activation, diffuse axonal injury, and dysmyelination is discussed, followed by a summary of functional deficits and preclinical assessments of therapeutic strategies. Comprehensive characterization of the pathology underlying delayed and persisting deficits following repeated mTBI is likely to facilitate further development of therapeutic strategies to limit long-term sequelae.

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“…Blast exposure related to IEDs is specifically related to body cavity pain, including abdominal pain, as well as PTSD and traumatic brain injury. 31 Alternately, studies, primarily with women and noncombat trauma, have linked PTSD with irritable bowel syndrome, a condition with abdominal pain as a key feature. [32][33][34] The link between PTSD and gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome should be fully explored in OEF/OIF veterans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Pain Complaints in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Screening Positive for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2014

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Health Outcomes Associated With Military Deployment: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Blast, Trauma, and Combat Associations in the Florida National Guard

Cited by 147 publications

References 31 publications

Pain and psychiatric comorbidities among two groups of Iraq and Afghanistan era Veterans

Pain and psychiatric comorbidities among two groups of Iraq and Afghanistan era Veterans

Repeated mild traumatic brain injury: potential mechanisms of damage

Specific Pain Complaints in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Screening Positive for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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