Health Problems of Infants and Preschool Children: Report of a Study

Wallace, Helen M.; Hartman, Evelyn E.; Weckwerth, Vernon; Davis, Eunice A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.48.9.1145

Am J Public Health Nations Health

1958

DOI: 10.2105/ajph.48.9.1145

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Health Problems of Infants and Preschool Children: Report of a Study

Helen M. Wallace¹,

Evelyn E. Hartman²,

Vernon Weckwerth³

et al.

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Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] Studies also suggest that psychological conditions are being identified even less often during these visits (an average of ~.5°/~0 of children both in the American,-&dquo; and British 12 literature). Previous reports in the literature have indicated a low yield of significant organic or psychological findings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Routine "Well Child" Examination

Sturner¹,

Granger²,

Klatskin³

et al. 1980

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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The practice of well child care by pediatricians has been a subject of increasing controversy. Previous reports in the literature have indicated a low yield of significant organic or psychological findings. In the present study, three post-residency pediatricians, working in the general pediatric unit of an HMO setting at different times, evaluated the developmental and psychological problems of patients seen in consecutive well child examinations. The nature of their problems was measured by the actual degree of intervention required of the pediatrician, rather than by standard mental health terminology or diagnosis. The combined results of these evaluations (with close individual agreement among the three examiners) contradicted previous pediatric reports by indicating that 38 per cent of the children seen had definable developmental or psychological problems requiring some action or intervention by the pediatrician. Eleven per cent of the cases required major intervention--either 3 or more visits or referral to a mental health facility. These results indicate a wide prevalence of significant developmental and/or psychological problems in children and demonstrate the capability of general pediatricians working in a standard pediatric setting to detect them.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Routine "Well Child" Examination

Sturner¹,

Granger²,

Klatskin³

et al. 1980

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Screening in Pediatric Practice

Bailey

Kiehl

Akram

et al. 1974

Pediatric Clinics of North America

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Physical Examination of Four‐year‐old Children

Kuhler

1973

Acta Paediatrica

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Child health services have been traditionally centred around the medical evaluation of individual children, performed by a physician. Today, however, more and more emphasis is laid on various screening procedures, performed by non-physician personnel. In a study of 4-yearold children, intended to bridge the gap of efficient health control of children between infancy and school-age, traditional medical evaluation as well as screening methods were included (dental examination, auditory screening, vision screening, bacteriuria screening, psychological examination). Reports from these studies are published elsewhere (17,21,22,23,24).The principal aim of the present part of the investigation was to study the physical health problems in an unselected population of preschool children, especially in those not previously detected or cared for. MATERIALSince 1967 a general health control of 4-year-old children has been organized in the city of Lund and, since 1968, in the community of Dalby, in the vicinity of Lund. Names and addresses of all children at the age of 4 years living in these areas were extracted from the county population register. Children living temporarily in the areas, but registered elsewhere, were excluded. There was a total of 2 573 4-year-old children, 2 296 living in Lund 1967 and 277 in Dalby 1968. Altogether 2447 children (1 272 boys and l 175 girls), 95.1%, participated in the study. Great effort was spent in making the examination fun for the children, and it was possible to get full cooperation in all but 5 boys and 8 girls 12 -712879 Aeta Pediat Seand 62 (99.5%). Some of the most important motor functions of these few un-cooperative children could be studied very well as they fought, crawled under tables, or ran away. METHODSThe children were invited to participate by a letter to their parents. The invitation was accompanied by questionnaires regarding, inter alia, the child's development, previous and present health problems, and the family's social standard. A 3-graded socio-economic grouping system widely used in Sweden was employed (6). This pays special attention to paternal occupation, group I representing the highest group. The records of children already under professional care were checked, but otherwise, the information from the parents was not confirmed from other sources. Also, existing records of those children who failed to appear, were checked at thc Department of Paediatrics, which is the main centre caring for physically handicapped children in this area.The physical examination was performed at two Child Health Centres, by the same paediatrician (the author) and followed a standardized scheme. One of the parents, generally the mother, was present. The examination took an average of 20 min. The following items were included: Anthropometrical measurementsHeight. The child stood barefoot on the floor with his feet together and the heels, buttocks and back of the head touching the wall, where a scale was fixed. The line between the auditory meatus and the lateral margin of the or...

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Health Problems of Infants and Preschool Children: Report of a Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The Routine "Well Child" Examination

The Routine "Well Child" Examination

Screening in Pediatric Practice

Physical Examination of Four‐year‐old Children

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