Health risk assessment and bioaccessibilities of heavy metals for children in soil and dust from urban parks and schools of Jiaozuo, China

Level of Contamination Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Urban Soils of Volos City (Central Greece)

“…The Cu, Pb, Mn, and Cr contamination factor maps ( Figure 2) revealed that the highest concentrations of these metals occurred near the heaviest traffic roads (Analipseos, K., Kartali, Demetriados), as well as in the areas adjacent to the railway station, the bus stations, and the commercial port, as mentioned in many studies [13,30,54]. The long-time and increased vehicle traffic using lead-based fuels, before the banning of lead-containing gasoline, may have led to increased PTE contents in urban soils [54,55].…”

“…In recent decades, there has been an increase in urbanization and industrialization, as short-term and intensive human activities lead to large numbers of organic pollutants (such as polyhalogenated compounds), along with inorganic pollutants (such as potentially toxic metals) [11,12]. It is well known that Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) accumulation in the soil leads to soil degradation, which can be a serious problem concerning human health, as metals can easily accumulate in the human body through food or ingestion of water as well as through respiration pathways [13]. Ecological risk assessments and their potential impact on human health are of great importance because they can point to unbearable dangers related to man and the environment [14].…”

Environmental and human health risks associated with exposure to hazardous elements present in urban dust from Barranquilla, Colombian Caribbean

“…Rapid urbanization and industrialization of cities can increase levels of exposure to PTEs and related risks (Alvanchi et al, 2020). As a result of emissions from different anthropogenic activities, industrial and densely populated cities have urban dust enriched in PTEs, as reported for Poland (Lisiewicz et al, 2000), Malaysia (Praveena, 2018), France (Béranger et al, 2019), Iran (Nazarpour et al, 2019), and China (Chen et al, 2019;Han et al, 2020). Therefore, urban dust and soil are enriched with trace elements mainly through atmospheric deposition (Gabarrón et al, 2017).…”

“…The health of people residing in urban areas and the balance of nearby ecosystems are related to the quality of the environment. Cities constitute the largest urban areas, but economic and industrial development cause environmental degradation Inorganic and organic pollutants can be associated with soil and particulate matter in urban dust (Han et al, 2020;Yadav et al, 2018). This material acts as a reservoir and dispersion medium for contaminants; therefore, it is recognized as an indicator of environmental quality (Zhang et al, 2019).…”

School grounds soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic compounds in the city of Vladimir

“…HM salts affect soil microflora and microfauna, its biochemical processes are suppressed, the vegetation in the area deteriorates, producing negative impact on the population health living here [8][9][10][11]. The risk of soil contamination with high concentrations of HM determines the possibility of secondary air pollution with soil dust [12]. Therefore, the study of urbanized territories for determining their ecological status is an urgent challenge.…”