Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals Dissolved in Drinking Water

Hussain, Sajjad; Habib-ur-Rehman, Muhammad; Khanam, Tasawar; Sheer, Abbas; Zhang, Kebin; Yang, Jianjun

doi:10.3390/ijerph16101737

Cited by 79 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The use of correlation analysis in groundwater studies to uncover the relationship between various parameters to show their source and pathways is reported in many works of literature (Varol and Davraz 2014;Hussain 2019;McGrorya 2020). In this study, the correlations between the various parameters are shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Application of geostatistical techniques in the assessment of groundwater contamination in the Afigya Kwabre District of Ghana

Agyemang

2022

Appl Water Sci

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Geostatistical techniques have been applied to successfully assess the groundwater quality in the Afigya Kwabre District of Ghana. Forty boreholes were sampled for physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics of the groundwater. Principal component analysis revealed that seven components contain 81.01% of the variation of the original variables. Factor 1 accounted for 31.34% of the total variance, factor 2 accounted for 10.97%, third and fourth factors explained 8.41% and 8.19%, the fifth factor showed 8.13% while the sixth and seventh components showed 7.76% and 6.21% variances, respectively. R-mode cluster analysis showed five clusters. Cluster 1 was made of Na+, Cl−, TH, SiO2, HCO3− and TDS. Cluster 2 and cluster 3 contained dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, K+ and F−, Br, respectively. Cluster 4 was made of PO43− and NO3−and Cluster 5 had Ca2+, Mg2+, Total. coli, Fecal. coli, SO42−, and salinity. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between EC and TDS, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn, Na+, TH, HCO3−; pH and Ca2+, HCO3−; Mg2+ and Ca2+, Na+, TH, HCO3−, Fe; Ca2+ and Na+, TH, HCO3−; Cu and PO43−; Mn and Na+; F− and SO42− as well as NO3− and PO43−. The study revealed the impact of both natural processes such as rock mineral weathering, ion exchange, and anthropogenic activities such as application of agrochemicals on farmlands and improper waste disposal on the geochemistry of the groundwater. Generally, the groundwater in the District has a low pH. However, it is generally suitable for domestic use with exception of a few samples with high Fe, F-, Pb concentrations and Escherichia coliform and fecal coliform contaminations. The study has shown that the geostatistical technique is useful in determining the state of water contamination, the extent of contamination, and possible source of contaminants, as well as presenting a guideline for effective groundwater resource management.

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Section: Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Application of geostatistical techniques in the assessment of groundwater contamination in the Afigya Kwabre District of Ghana

Agyemang

2022

Appl Water Sci

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“…Samples for total PTE analyses were preserved with drops of ultra-pure conc. 65% HNO 3 (pH < 2) to eliminate microbial activity (Hussain et al, 2019). Groundwater pH was determined on site for unacidified samples using a calibrated multi-parameter tester 35 (Eutech Instruments, USA).…”

Section: Sampling and Sample Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace elements in groundwater near an abandoned mine tailings dam and health risk assessment (NE Zimbabwe)

Kanda

Makumbe

2021

WSA

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Groundwater from shallow hand-dug wells at an abandoned gold mine tailings dam was characterised for selected physicochemical parameters during dry and wet seasons of 2018 and 2019. Health risk exposure of the local population (adults and children) through ingestion and dermal exposure was assessed. Groundwater quality parameters were lower than international drinking water quality guidelines (p < 0.05). The parameters were significantly influenced by season of the year (As, Cl−, SO42−), nature (As, Cd, Cl−, Fe, NO3−, SO42−), depth (Cd, Cl−, Fe, Ni, SO42−) and direction of the well (Cu, Cl−, Fe, NO3−, Pb, SO42−) (p < 0.05) relative to the tailings dam. Groundwater did not pose non-carcinogenic risk due to studied trace elements. However, arsenic had the potential to cause medium to high cancer risk to the local population. We propose re-vegetation of the tailings dam, diversion of surface tailings drainage to a containment pond and the provision of continuous piped water supplies.

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“…Their findings indicate heavy metals in all springs and a possible noncancer risk from nitrates in adults and children. Similarly, Hussain et al [17] estimated the health risk from heavy metals in drinking water and reported that Lahore, Vehari, Jhang, and Multan, Pakistan, exceed the safe limits of the health risk index for metals such as Cr, Ni, and As.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS, Multivariate Statistics Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Water Supply Quality for Human Use in Central Mexico

Hernández-Mena

Panduro-Rivera

Díaz-Torres

et al. 2021

Water

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The spatial assessments of water supply quality from wells, springs, and surface bodies were performed during the dry and rainy seasons in six municipalities in the eastern regions of Michoacán (Central Mexico). Different physicochemical parameters were used to determine the supplies’ Water Quality Index (WQI); all of the communities presented good quality. The analysis indicates that many water quality parameters were within limits set by the international standards, showing levels of “excellent and good quality” according to WQI, mainly during the dry season (except at San Pedro Jácuaro and Irimbo communities in the rainy season). However, some sites showed “poor quality” and “unsuitable drinking water” related to low pH levels (<5) and high levels of turbidity, color, Fe, Al, Mn, and arsenic. Multivariate statistical analysis techniques (Principal Component and Hierarchical Cluster) and geographic information system (GIS) identify potential sources of water pollution and estimate the geographic extension of parameters with negative effects on human health (mainly in communities without sampling). According to multivariate analysis, the Na+/K+ ratio and water temperature (22–42 °C) in various sites suggest that the WQI values were affected by geological and geothermal conditions and physical changes between seasons, but were not from anthropogenic activity. The GIS established predictions about the probable spatial distribution of arsenic levels, pH, temperature, acidity, and hardness in the study area, which provides valuable information on these parameters in the communities where the sampling was not carried out. The health risk assessment for dermal contact and ingestion showed that the noncancer risk level exceeded the recommended criteria (HQ > 1) in the rainy season for three target groups. At the same time, the carcinogenic risk (1 × 10−3) exceeded the acceptability criterion in the rainy season, which suggests that the As mainly represents a threat to the health of adults, children, and infants.

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Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals Dissolved in Drinking Water

Cited by 79 publications

References 41 publications

Application of geostatistical techniques in the assessment of groundwater contamination in the Afigya Kwabre District of Ghana

Application of geostatistical techniques in the assessment of groundwater contamination in the Afigya Kwabre District of Ghana

Trace elements in groundwater near an abandoned mine tailings dam and health risk assessment (NE Zimbabwe)

GIS, Multivariate Statistics Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Water Supply Quality for Human Use in Central Mexico

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