Health risk assessment of dioxin emissions from municipal waste incinerators: the Neerlandquarter (Wilrijk, Belgium)

Nouwen, J.; Cornelis, Christa; Fré, R. De; Wevers, Mai; Viaene, Peter; Mensink, Clemens; Patyn, Johan; Verschaeve, Luc; Hooghe, Robert; Maes, A.; Collier, M.; Schoeters, Greet; Cleuvenbergen, Rudy Van; Geuzens, P.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00504-x

Cited by 104 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Daily inhalation exposure doses of PCNs for adults and children were calculated with reference to calculation for dioxins (SI Eq. (1)) (Nouwen et al, 2001). PCN concentrations in the inhalable particles (PM 10 ) fraction and gas fraction were used to calculate the daily PCNs inhalation exposure.…”

Section: Preliminary Assessment Of Exposure To Pcns Via Inhalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China

Zhu

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tPolychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were listed as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention in 2015. Despite numerous studies on PCNs, little is known about their occurrence in atmospheric particulate matter of different sizes. In this study, 49 PCN congeners were investigated for their concentrations and size-specific distributions in an urban atmosphere, and preliminary exposure assessments were conducted. Ambient air samples were collected using a high-volume cascade impactor for division into a gas fraction and four particle size fractions. Samples were collected from October 2013 to June 2014 at an urban site in Beijing, China. The concentration range for PCNs in the atmosphere (gas þ particle fractions) was 6.77e25.90 pg/m 3 (average 16.28 pg/m 3 ). The particle-bound concentration range was 0.17e2.78 pg/m 3 (average 1.73 pg/m 3 ). Therefore, PCNs were mainly found in the gas phase.The concentrations of PCNs in a fraction increased as the particle size decreased (d ae > 10 mm, 10 mm ! d ae > 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm ! d ae > 1.0 mm and d ae 1.0 mm). Consequently, PCNs were ubiquitous in inhalable fine particles, and the SPCNs associated with PM 1.0 and PM 2.5 reached 68.4% and 84.3%, respectively. Tetra-CNs and penta-CNs (the lower chlorinated homologues) predominated in the atmosphere. The homologue profiles in different size particles were almost similar, but the particulate profiles were different from those in the gas phase. Among the individual PCNs identified, CN38/40, CN52/60 and CN75 were the dominant compounds in the atmosphere. CN66/67 and CN73 collectively accounted for most of the total dioxin-like TEQ concentrations of the PCNs. Exposure to toxic compounds, such as PCNs present in PM 1.0 or PM 2.5 , may affect human health. This work presents the first data on size-specific distributions of PCNs in the atmosphere.

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Section: Preliminary Assessment Of Exposure To Pcns Via Inhalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China

Zhu

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…Inhalation is the direct exposure to dioxins and this exposure pathway should be dominated in the uptake of atmospheric pollutants. Atmospheric POPs could also partition into soil and vegetation and could be bioaccumulated in the food chain, resulting in numbers of indirect sources of human exposure [24]. In this study, we assessed the inhalation risk of atmospheric PCDD/Fs to the residents of Tianjin using the following equation [5]:…”

Section: Inhalation Risk Potentials For Local Residentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial concentration, congener profiles and inhalation risk assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the atmosphere of Tianjin, China

Ding

Wang

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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. It is obvious that PCB concentrations were several hundred times higher than the PCDD/Fs. However, the ambient air PCDD/Fs contributed a major part to the total toxicity equivalents, varying from 72.7% to 89.0% (average 81.8%). The atmospheric PCDD/F levels were observed to be higher in winter for most of sampling sites in the downtown. Besides, inhalation risk assessment showed that local residents might suffer more risk near the point sources than those in living area, industrial zones and background area in Tianjin City. However, the total daily dioxin intake was approximately several to hundreds of times lower than the WHO criteria, showing relatively low exposure risks from the impact of industry point sources in Tianjin City. PCDD/Fs, PCBs, ambient air, inhalation risk assessment Citation:Ding L, Li Y M, Wang P, et al. Spatial concentration, congener profiles and inhalation risk assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the atmosphere of

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“…In the present research, two exposure pathways including soil/dust ingestion and dermal exposure were assessed based on the equation (eq) 1 and eq (2), which are original from Nouwen (2001) and simplified by Minh (2003). …”

Section: Exposure and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PBDDs/Fs) in environmental matrices from an intensive electronic waste recycling site, South China

Xiao

Peng

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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Health risk assessment of dioxin emissions from municipal waste incinerators: the Neerlandquarter (Wilrijk, Belgium)

Cited by 104 publications

References 14 publications

Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China

Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China

Spatial concentration, congener profiles and inhalation risk assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the atmosphere of Tianjin, China

Characterization of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PBDDs/Fs) in environmental matrices from an intensive electronic waste recycling site, South China

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