Health risk assessment of nitrate in drinking water in Shiraz using probabilistic and deterministic approaches and impact of water supply

Moeini, Zohre; Azhdarpoor, Abooalfazl

doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100326

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Due to the global concerns on water quality, multiple studies investigated the health risks of exposure to different pollutants through drinking water, both worldwide and in many parts of Iran (Mortada and Shokeir, 2018 ; Moeini and Azhdarpoor, 2021 ; Badeenezhad et al 2021a , b ; Mohammadpour et al 2022 ). In Iran, Moeini and Azhdarpoor ( 2021 ) reported that the health risks for Shiraz residents were higher than the threshold values in those locations with the groundwater nitrate concentration exceeding the WHO standard, potentially posing a higher risk to infants and children. Badeenezhad et al ( 2021b ) also found an increasing trend in the maximum nitrate levels of Shiraz groundwater between 2013 and 2017, and consequently, health risks of nitrate exposure, particularly for the children’s age group, were also estimated to be increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate in groundwater and agricultural products: intake and risk assessment in northeastern Iran

Zendehbad

Mostaghelchi

Mojganfar

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The suitability of groundwater and agricultural products for human consumption requires determining levels and assessing the health risks associated with potential pollutants. Here, particularly pollution with nitrate still remains a challenge, especially for those urban areas suffering from insufficient sewage collection systems, resulting in contaminating soil, endangering food safety, and deteriorating drinking water quality. In the present study, nitrate concentrations in the commonly consumed fruit and vegetable species were determined, and the results, together with the groundwater nitrate levels, were used to assess the associated health risks for Mashhad city residents. For this assessment, 261 water samples and 16 produce types were used to compute the daily intake of nitrate. Nitrate in groundwater was analyzed using a spectrophotometer, and produce species were examined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis was applied for categorizing produce samples with regard to their nitrate content. Additionally, to account for the sanitation hazards associated with groundwater quality for drinking purposes, total coliform and turbidity were also assessed using the membrane filter (MF) technique and a nephelometer, respectively. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the prescribed permissible limits in 42% of the groundwater wells. The outcomes also exhibit significantly higher nitrate accumulation levels in root-tuber vegetables and leafy vegetables compared to fruit vegetables and fruits. Using cluster analysis, the accumulation of nitrate in vegetables and fruits was categorized into four clusters, specifying that radish contributes to 65.8% of the total content of nitrate in all samples. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of nitrate and Health Risk Index (HRI) associated with consumption of groundwater exceeded the prescribed limit for the children’s target group in Mashhad’s south and central parts. Likewise, EDI and HRI values for produce consumption, in most samples, were found to be in the tolerable range, except for radish, lettuce, and cabbage, potentially posing risks for both children and adult consumers. The total coliforms in groundwater were found to violate the prescribed limit at 78.93% of the sampling locations and were generally much higher over the city’s central and southern areas. A relatively strong correlation (R2 = 0.6307) between total coliform and nitrate concentrations suggests the release of anthropogenic pollution (i.e., sewage and manure) in the central and southern Mashhad.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate in groundwater and agricultural products: intake and risk assessment in northeastern Iran

Zendehbad

Mostaghelchi

Mojganfar

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Previous studies performed in the groundwater in Mersin Province showed an apparent nitrate pollution due to intensive irrigation in agriculture and industrial activities as well as rapid urbanization in Mersin Province have led to nitrate pollution in groundwater in Mersin Province (Erşahin & Bilgili, 2023). In a recent study performed by Moeini and Azhdarpoor (2021), a sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the most effective parameter in health risk assessment and it was shown that decreasing the nitrate concentrations can reduce the level of health risk for nitrate contamination by the reduction of HQ values for all age groups. The high levels of nitrate pollution in the groundwater of economically important Mersin Province pose to significant health hazards for the adults and children (Figure 2, Table 4), that should be reduced for the low possibility of adverse health effects for the people living in the region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Potential Health Risk Assessment for Nitrate Contamination in the Groundwater of Mersin Province, Türkiye

Özbay

2024

Journal of Agricultural Production

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Though groundwater is one of the most significant natural water sources, its quality is deteriorating due to the anthropogenic pressures that poses health risks for people. In this study, potential health risk assessment for nitrate pollution in groundwater of Mersin Province was determined by commonly using health indices. Study findings indicated that the calculated Hazard Index (HI) values varied between 0.001 and 17.89 for the adults whilst the HI values ranging from 0.001 to 29.87 for the children. The HI values in the groundwater of Erdemli, Göksu and Anamur regions showed low chronic health risk for the adults and children (HI≤1). However, the calculated health risk indices indicated significant health hazards for the children inhabited between Tarsus and Çeşmeli regions (HI≥4.00) due to severe nitrate contamination originated from terrestrial sources. The findings of this study performed in the Mersin Province showed the sustainable management of groundwater policies is needed to reduce nitrate contamination and potential health hazards of the groundwater of studied and other regions in Türkiye.

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“…Ajdarpour et al determined the nitrate concentration in 31 sampling points of the distribution system in the Shiraz and observed that the lowest and highest two-year mean concentrations were 2.1 and 58.35; they also stated that nitrate concentration in moment concentration in some places in Shiraz water distribution system was more than the standard level 48 . Another issue with nitrate entering the human body is the nitrate in food, which is shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between serum nitric oxide of patients with thyroid disorders and metabolic syndrome indices and nitrate concentration of water

Jafari

Dehghani

Ghaem

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This case–control study aimed to assess the effect of drinking water nitrate on serum nitric oxide concentration and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the population in the Middle East. The study included 50 control and 50 thyroid disorder cases who were referred to two medical centers in 2021. In this study, serum nitric oxide concentration, drinking water nitrate, and metabolic syndrome components were measured in the two groups. The results showed there was a statistically significant difference between serum NO in the case and control groups (p-value < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the concentration of nitrate in drinking water and serum nitric oxide in the case and control groups; however, this relationship was not significant statistically. A statistically significant difference was found between serum nitric oxide and systolic blood pressure in the cases (p-value < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between MetS and nitric oxide. Therefore, we concluded that the relationship between nitric oxide and nitrate in consuming water should be determined in thyroid patients. In addition to their water consumption, it is better to study the nitrate of foods, especially vegetables.

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Health risk assessment of nitrate in drinking water in Shiraz using probabilistic and deterministic approaches and impact of water supply

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Nitrate in groundwater and agricultural products: intake and risk assessment in northeastern Iran

Nitrate in groundwater and agricultural products: intake and risk assessment in northeastern Iran

Potential Health Risk Assessment for Nitrate Contamination in the Groundwater of Mersin Province, Türkiye

Relationship between serum nitric oxide of patients with thyroid disorders and metabolic syndrome indices and nitrate concentration of water

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