Health risk assessments of heavy metal exposure via consumption of marine mussels collected from anthropogenic sites

Abstract

A total of 40 marine mussel Perna viridis populations collected (2002-2009) from 20 geographical sites located in two busy shipping lanes namely the Straits of Malacca (10 sites; 16 populations) and the Straits of Johore (8 sites; 21 populations) and three populations (2 sites) on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, was determined for Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations. In comparison with the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) set by existing food safety guidelines, all metal concentrations found in all the mussel populations were lower than the prescribed MPLs. In terms of the provisional tolerable weekly intake prescribed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and oral reference doses (ORDs) by the USEPA, all the studied metals (except for Pb) were unlikely to become the limiting factors or unlikely to pose a risk for the consumption of the mussel populations. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for average level mussel (ALM) and high level mussel (HLM) consumers of mussels was found to be lower than the ORD guidelines for Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn. Furthermore, the target hazard quotient (THQ) was found to be less than 1 for ALM consumers but higher than 1 for HLM consumers in some sites. Therefore, there were no potential human health risks to the ALM consumers of the mussels. However, for Pb THQ values, the Pb levels in some mussel populations could create a health risk problem. Present results indicate that the consumption amounts of mussels should be limited for minimizing potential health risks of heavy metals to the HLM consumers.

Bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and mercury in Argopecten purpuratus (LAMARCK, 1819) and Aulacomya ater (Molina, 1782), commercial species from Peru, and risk assessment

“…(Figure 2 c and d). Yap et al (2016) (2007) report average Cd concentration of 1.3 ug/g (dw) in mussel (Semimytilus algosus) from White Island of Peru, being lower values than found at Atico and Marcona of this study, possibly because at White Island there were no anthropogenic sources nearby.…”

“…Aulocomya ater with 0.31 and 0.36 ug Pb/g (dw) and Mytilus edulis with 0.21 and 0.42 ug Pb /g (dw) at Punta Maqueda and Arroyo La Mata respectively (Perez et al, 2005). At Chetumal Quintana Roo bahia, Mexico, mussel (Mytilopsis sallei Récluz, 1849) were evaluated, finding Pb in the range of 0.31 to 3.23 ug/g (dw) (Diaz et al, 2006); in the same way Yap et al, (2016) found on Perna viridis at peninsular coast of Malaysia, 0.27 to 10.4 ug Pb/g (wwt). Cadmium.…”

“…Olmedo et al (2013) The EDI annual averages for Pb in scallop calculated in the present study (Table 4) were below the values determined by Loaiza et al (2015) for the same species (0.043 -0.064 ug/kg/day), with none of them posing a health risk. Yap et al (2016) determined cadmium weekly intakes of 15.9 and 31.8% of PTWI when consuming 0.125 kg and 0.250 kg of mussel (Perna viridis) respectively, indicating no health risk.…”

Dietary Intake of Essential, Toxic, and Potentially Toxic Elements from Mussels (Mytilus spp.) in the Spanish Population: A Nutritional Assessment

“…It should be considered that elements in a marine environment have a more complex distribution than organic pollutants and reflect more faithfully local anthropogenic inputs, natural sources, and hydrological conditions [31]. Therefore, one of the most important of these variables is the geographical origin of the said mussels, which in turn is related to the water quality of these regions [32,33,34,35,36,37,38]. However, according to food consumption surveys, geographic origin is not the most important criterion that guides the purchase of mussels by Spanish consumers, but their type of conservation.…”

Health Risk Assessment Related to Total Mercury (THg) Concentration in Clam (Periglypta crispata) from Kepulauan Seribu Regency, Indonesia

“…Therefore, we use the PTWI for organic Hg (1.6 g or 0.0016 mg) per kg body weight per week. The bodyweight category is 60 kg for adults (Ullah, Maksud, Khan, Lutfa, & Quraishi, 2017;Yap, Cheng, Karami, & Ismail, 2016). The PTWI based on body weight category or Maximum Weekly Intake (MWI) was calculated using the formula:…”