Health risk of phthalates in water environment: Occurrence in water resources, bottled water, and tap water, and burden of disease from exposure through drinking water in tehran, Iran

Abtahi, Mehrnoosh; Dobaradaran, Sina; Torabbeigi, Marzieh; Jorfi, Sahand; Gholamnia, Reza; Koolivand, Ali; Darabi, Hossein; Kavousi, Amir; Saeedi, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.071

Cited by 148 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In particular, the phthalate levels of drinking water significantly increased by contact of hot water with disposable plastic and paper cups and by sunlight exposure of bottled water. Moreover the authors studied also the health risk of exposure to the phthalates through drinking water and found that drinking water posed a low concern for health determining the hazard quotients (HQs) of DEHP, BBP, DBP, and DEP for all ages both sexes combined Moreover, both the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of the phthalates in drinking water were considered to be very low [ 216 ].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Paes In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Giuliani

Zuccarini

Cichelli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

246

119

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Phthalates are a huge class of chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial uses, from the manufacture of plastics to food contact applications, children’s toys, and medical devices. People and animals can be exposed through different routes (i.e., ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or iatrogenic exposure), as these compounds can be easily released from plastics to water, food, soil, air, making them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In the last decades, phthalates and their metabolites have proven to be of concern, particularly in products for pregnant women or children. Moreover, many authors reported high concentrations of phthalates in soft drinks, mineral waters, wine, oil, ready-to-eat meals, and other products, as a possible consequence of their accumulation along the food production chain and their accidental release from packaging materials. However, due to their different physical and chemical properties, phthalates do not have the same human and environmental impacts and their association to several human diseases is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of phthalate toxicity, pointing out the health and legal issues related to their occurrence in several types of food and beverage.

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Section: Occurrence Of Paes In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Giuliani

Zuccarini

Cichelli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

246

119

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“…PAEs are a group of chemicals that are widely used as plasticizers [ 59 , 60 , 61 ]. In this sense, they became common environmental contaminants since they tend to migrate into the environment during the disposal of the PAE-containing product [ 62 ].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Luís

Algarra

Câmara

2021

Toxics

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Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children’s toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.

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“…Large variety and abundance of PEs can be observed in aquatic ecosystems in different countries; however, the pollution levels and occurrences are mild to moderate. Adeniyi et al (2011) reported the presence of up to 2,705 μg/L of PEs from river water in Nigeria, while Liu et al (2015) reported between 0.02 and 0.77 μg/L in waterworks from China, from undetectable to 0.43 μg/L on surface water in Iran by Abtahi et al (2019). Specifically, communities which are located adjacent to industries that use or produce these compounds tend to be greatly exposed to the PEs.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Phthalate Esters In Aquatic Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of the above, an array of literature has investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of these compounds in different aquatic ecosystems to demonstrate the presence and distribution of these compounds in different countries globally (Paluselli et al, 2018;Abtahi et al, 2019;Mi et al, 2019;He et al, 2020;Ai et al, 2021). Furthermore, studies in the past decade that have reported the presence of PEs in aqueous and edaphic matrices including their concentration levels as reported in Tables 2, 3.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Phthalate Esters In Aquatic Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans are continually exposed to PEs daily as these compounds are found in little quantities in literally thousands of industrial and household products ranging from cosmetics, toys, curtains, electrical appliances, food, packaging materials, beverages and drinking water (Baloyi, 2012;Gong et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2018;Abtahi et al, 2019;He et al, 2020). Humans are exposed to PEs from aquatic ecosystems via different routes, namely; dermal skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion from food and drinking water (Alharbi et al, 2018;Paluselli et al, 2018;Abtahi et al, 2019;Giuliani et al, 2020). Upon exposure or uptake, effects exerted range from mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity.…”

Section: Phthalate Esters Exposure Toxicity and Human Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights Into the Prevalence and Impacts of Phthalate Esters in Aquatic Ecosystems

Baloyi

Tekere

Maphangwa

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Phthalate esters (PEs) are by far the most produced and extensively used synthetic organic chemicals with notable applications in many industrial products such as vinyl upholstery, adhesives, food containers, packaging materials, printing inks, adhesives, cosmetics, paints, pharmaceuticals munitions, and insecticides among other. PEs have long been recognised as ubiquitous organic pollutants of prime environmental concern, with urbanisation amongst the main cause and source of these compounds. Due to their notoriety, these compounds are known to pose devastating effects to living organisms including humans. The presence of PEs and their metabolites in the aquatic ecosystems is of concern primarily due to their endocrine disrupting and carcinogenicity properties. Several research studies have reported prevalence, exposure pathways, toxicity, and impacts of PEs in aquatic ecosystems and humans. Their principal routes of exposure could be direct or indirect, of which the direct route include contact, eating, and drinking contaminated foods, and the indirect route constitute aerosols, leaching and other forms of environmental contamination. PEs find way into water systems through means such as effluent discharges, urban and agricultural land runoff, leaching from waste dumps and other diffuse sources. High-end instrumentation and improved methodologies on the other hand have resulted in increased ability to measure trace levels (μg/L) of PEs and their metabolites in different matrices and ecological compartments of water or aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, oceans, rivers, sediments, wetlands and drinking water samples. In light of the above, this article provides an informed and focused information on the prevalence of phthalate esters in aquatic systems and related effects on living organisms and humans. Furthermore, techniques that have enabled the extraction and analysis of these PEs in aquatic samples are also explained. Future research outlooks and needs are also highlighted in this manuscript. This information will be used to better understand their temporal and spatial distributions in the aquatic systems and aid in devising prudent means to curtail their ecological footprints.

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Health risk of phthalates in water environment: Occurrence in water resources, bottled water, and tap water, and burden of disease from exposure through drinking water in tehran, Iran

Cited by 148 publications

References 48 publications

Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Insights Into the Prevalence and Impacts of Phthalate Esters in Aquatic Ecosystems

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