Health Status and Access to Health Services in Indian Slums

Gupta, Indrani; Guin, Pradeep

doi:10.4236/health.2015.72029

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…15 Another study conducted by Gupta on health status and access to health services in Indian slums revealed that the poor have a 2.8 per cent higher probability of illness compared to the non-poor (p<0.01). 16 Therefore, present study revealed that socio-demographic factors play an important role in determining the health of the study population. The study found that respondents with low educational level are more prone to develop health problems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

A study on relation of sociodemographic factors and living conditions on health of female youth in urban slums of Amritsar city

Maurya¹,

Deepti²,

Mahajan³

et al. 2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Slums are most vulnerable and deprived areas within a city. The unhygienic and polluted environment, overcrowding, poor housing and absence of educational exposure affect youth in slums. Consequently, their health is affected adversely.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four slums, one each from four different directions (north, south, east and west) of Amritsar city. A total of 1000 respondents, 250 from each slum were interviewed by using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data was compiled and statistically analysed.Results: Out of total study population, 41.2% of the families had migrated from other states, Overcrowding was present in majority (92%) of the families, 20% of the respondents didn’t have latrine facility at their home, 44.4% respondents throw their garbage waste in the open space nearby their dwellings and 45% of population was not satisfied with the cleanliness of their slum, 54.6% of the respondents reported to have some kind of health problem during last three months. Educational status, socio-economic status and overcrowding were significant factors affecting their health.Conclusions: Important factor in causation of disease were found to be poor socio-economic status, lack of education and overcrowding. There is a strong need to intensify the IEC/BCC activities to raise the awareness about the health-related issues.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

A study on relation of sociodemographic factors and living conditions on health of female youth in urban slums of Amritsar city

Maurya¹,

Deepti²,

Mahajan³

et al. 2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…Estimates show that 8% of the population fall into poverty due to OOPEs (Kumar et al, 2017). Most of the underprivileged and the poor seek care from a variety of private healthcare providers (Gupta & Guin, 2015), which incurs high treatment costs (Awasthi & Pande, 1998;Mishra, Kusuma, & Babu, 2017). In this context, the study aims at exploring the extent of illnesses, treatment seeking and related healthcare expenditures among the urban poor, who have migrated from other states of India to Delhi, in search for livelihood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The costs of seeking healthcare: Illness, treatment seeking and out of pocket expenditures among the urban poor in Delhi, India

Kusuma

Babu

2019

Health Soc Care Community

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The poor often experience illness and the treatment costs are high and even catastrophic for the poor. This paper reports the extent of illness, treatment‐seeking behaviour and out of pocket healthcare expenditures and the determinants of treatment‐seeking behaviour and healthcare expenditures among the urban poor living in Delhi. A total of 2,998 households participated in the study. Socio‐demographic details, illness experiences (episodic illness in the past 3 months, hospitalisation in the past 1 year and any chronic illness), treatment seeking and healthcare expenditures were collected for all household members through a pretested, interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Logistic regressions were carried out for factors associated with treatment‐seeking choices. Multiple linear regressions were carried for factors associated with out of pocket expenditures (OOPE). Of the total 15,218 household members (of the 2,998 households), 4,052 (26.6%) experienced episodic illness (mainly fever, respiratory illnesses, food‐ and waterborne diseases and eye infections) in the past 3 months, 230 (1.5%) were hospitalised and 976 (6.4%) have chronic illness (mainly hypertension, diabetes, arthritis and respiratory problems). Of the 2,998 households, 2,225 (74.2%) households reported at least one event of illness. Unqualified practitioners were the main source of care for episodic illnesses. Perceived seriousness of the illness, having Employees State Insurance Scheme (ESIS) benefit, higher educational status of the head of the household, higher monthly household incomes, belonging other backward castes and settled‐migrant status led to seeking formal care. Dengue was the main reason for hospitalisation. Government including ESIS hospitals were mainly utilised for hospitalisation. Healthcare expenditures were higher for private healthcare. Possession of mandatory health insurance was protective against OOPEs. OOPEs were more for the men/boys and for the young. Improving access to government healthcare services is important. Extending the ESIS to the unorganised workers including urban poor migrants should be considered so as to bring them under mandatory social protection.

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“…Antenatal visits were much lower at 54.2% for the urban poor compared with those at 83.1% for the urban non‐poor (UHRC, 2007). A four‐city recent survey conducted among 2000 households covering 10 929 individuals in slums of Ludhiana, Jaipur, Mathura and Ujjain on access to health services indicated lack of government facilities and services, a very high preference for private health facilities, high expenses in both private and public facilities and a perception that private facilities were offering high quality services (Gupta and Guin, ).…”

Section: Health Inequity and Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatively much less systematic research and discussion has taken place on the impact of rapid urbanization on health outcomes because of living conditions and inadequate health infrastructure. Sporadic research shows that the urban poor might be more impacted by disease because of the unhygienic conditions in which such populations live, which is made worse by their limited access to adequate health services (Gupta and Mitra, , ; Awasthi and Agarwal, ; Gupta and Guin, ). Although organizations such as the Urban Health Resource Center, Delhi (UHRC, 2012a, 2012b), have been working on the health issues of the urban poor, the lack of policy discourse at the national level is conspicuous by its absence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban health in India: who is responsible?

Gupta

Mondal

2014

Int J Health Plann Mgmt

Self Cite

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Urban health has received relatively less focus compared with rural health in India, especially the health of the urban poor. Rapid urbanization in India has been accompanied by an increase in population in urban slums and shanty towns, which are also very inadequately covered by basic amenities, including health services. The paper presents existing and new evidence that shows that health inequities exist between the poor and the non-poor in urban areas, even in better-off states in India. The lack of evidence-based policies that cut across sectors continues to be a main feature of the urban health scenario. Although the problems of urban health are more complex than those of rural health, the paper argues that it is possible to make a beginning fairly quickly by (i) collecting more evidence of health status and inequities in urban areas and (ii) correcting major inadequacies in infrastructure-both health and non-health-without waiting for major policy overhauls.

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Health Status and Access to Health Services in Indian Slums

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

A study on relation of sociodemographic factors and living conditions on health of female youth in urban slums of Amritsar city

A study on relation of sociodemographic factors and living conditions on health of female youth in urban slums of Amritsar city

The costs of seeking healthcare: Illness, treatment seeking and out of pocket expenditures among the urban poor in Delhi, India

Urban health in India: who is responsible?

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