Health status, health related behaviours and chronic health indicators in people with Tourette Syndrome: A Canadian population-based study

Yang, Jaeun; Hirsch, Lauren; Osland, Sydney; Martino, Davide; Roberts, Jeffrey W.; Pringsheim, Tamara

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.002

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“… 26 On the other hand, asthma is reported to be associated with several psychiatric disorders including TD. 27 Many children with TS are incorrectly diagnosed and treated for asthma or rhinitis. It is recommend that clinicians who evaluate allergies in children take TD into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic diseases influence symptom severity and T lymphocyte subgroups of children with tic disorders

Liu

Wang

Cao

2021

Journal of Investigative Medicine

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Tic disorders (TD) are childhood-onset neurological disorders. Immune system dysregulation has been postulated to play a role in TD, and its mechanisms likely involve dysfunctional neural-immune cross-talk, which ultimately leads to altered maturation of the brain pathways that control different TD clinical manifestations and behavioral and emotional damages. Clinical studies have demonstrated an association between TD and allergies and overactive immune responses at a systemic level. In this study, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale was taken as a global measure of tic severity. Compared with the control group, the group of children with TD plus allergic diseases displayed significantly increased Yale total scores (p<0.05), which suggests that children with TD plus allergic diseases have heavier tic symptoms. Both motor and vocal tic scores are higher in the group of children with TD plus allergy compared with the control group. We counted immune cell subpopulations using FACS. T lymphocyte subset comparison of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD4:CD8 expression ratios revealed that the level of CD3, CD4, and CD4:CD8 in children with TD plus allergic diseases was significantly lower than those of children with TD without allergic diseases. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) and suggest that children with TD plus allergic diseases have imbalanced T lymphocyte subsets. We concluded that allergy increased the severity of TD through an imbalance in cellular immunity. Studies need to be done to show whether treatment of allergic symptoms leads to a decrease in TD manifestations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic diseases influence symptom severity and T lymphocyte subgroups of children with tic disorders

Liu

Wang

Cao

2021

Journal of Investigative Medicine

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“…23 Dopamine D2 receptor-blocking agents such as pimozide or risperidone are widely considered the most effective pharmacological treatment for TS, but their use is limited by weight gain, cognitive dulling, dysphoria, and acute dystonic reactions. 5,24,25 Aripiprazole, an antipsychotic with proposed regionally specific D2 receptor antagonism and agonism, 26 suppressed tics in 2 recent placebo-controlled studies in which adverse events, including emergence of suicidal ideation were noted. 27,28 To date, results of studies of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 inhibitors for tic suppression have been mixed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecopipam, a D1 receptor antagonist, for treatment of tourette syndrome in children: A randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover study

et al. 2018

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“…Retrospective, case-control population studies of Taiwanese national health insurance datasets (150,151) reported higher risk of conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis in individuals diagnosed with TS. A higher age-and sex-adjusted comorbidity rate for asthma in TS was also documented through the Canadian Community Health Survey (152). Administering a structured questionnaire to a clinic-based sample of 32 TS patients, Yuce et al (153) found that more than half of these children presented with allergies, rhinitis being the most common.…”

Section: Comorbidity With Immune-mediatedmentioning

confidence: 94%

What Does Immunology Have to Do With Normal Brain Development and the Pathophysiology Underlying Tourette Syndrome and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders?

2020

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The goal of this article is to review the past decade's literature and provide a critical commentary on the involvement of immunological mechanisms in normal brain development, as well as its role in the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome, other Chronic tic disorders (CTD), and related neuropsychiatric disorders including Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: We conducted a literature search using the Medline/PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases to locate relevant articles and abstracts published between 2009 and 2020, using a comprehensive list of search terms related to immune mechanisms and the diseases of interest, including both clinical and animal model studies. Results: The cellular and molecular processes that constitute our "immune system" are crucial to normal brain development and the formation and maintenance of neural circuits. It is also increasingly evident that innate and adaptive systemic immune pathways, as well as neuroinflammatory mechanisms, play an important role in the pathobiology of at least a subset of individuals with Tourette syndrome and related neuropsychiatric disorders In the conceptual framework of the holobiont theory, emerging evidence points also to the importance of the "microbiota-gut-brain axis" in the pathobiology of these neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusions: Neural development is an enormously complex and dynamic process. Immunological pathways are implicated in several early neurodevelopmental processes including the formation and refinement of neural circuits. Hyper-reactivity of systemic immune pathways and neuroinflammation may contribute to the natural fluctuations of the core behavioral features of CTD, OCD, and ADHD. There is still limited knowledge of the efficacy of direct and indirect (i.e., through environmental modifications) immune-modulatory interventions in the treatment of these disorders. Future research also needs to focus on the key molecular pathways through which dysbiosis of different tissue microbiota influence neuroimmune interactions in these disorders, Martino et al. Immunity in TS/CTD, OCD, and ADHD and how microbiota modification could modify their natural history. It is also possible that valid biomarkers will emerge that will guide a more personalized approach to the treatment of these disorders.

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Health status, health related behaviours and chronic health indicators in people with Tourette Syndrome: A Canadian population-based study

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Allergic diseases influence symptom severity and T lymphocyte subgroups of children with tic disorders

Allergic diseases influence symptom severity and T lymphocyte subgroups of children with tic disorders

Ecopipam, a D1 receptor antagonist, for treatment of tourette syndrome in children: A randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover study

What Does Immunology Have to Do With Normal Brain Development and the Pathophysiology Underlying Tourette Syndrome and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders?

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