Background The health workforce is a key determinant in achieving health equity. As a southwestern province of China, Sichuan confronted with the geographical variation of health workforce in recent years. The misdistribution of health workforce in Sichuan is severe for its complex terrain, uneven population distribution and huge economic differences. The study of Sichuan province is of great significance to other regions of China. Methods This study applied time-series analysis, spatial autocorrelation and space-time scan analysis to explore and visualize the spatial changing patterns of different types of health workforce (health technicians, licensed doctors, registered nurses, pharmacists, technologists, and intern) at the municipal and county level in Sichuan. Results The box plots displayed the temporal trend of health workforce from 2009 to 2018 via the county-level data. All types of health workforce were in rising generally especially the registered nurses. The space-time analysis and Global Moran' I revealed the distinctive geographical clusters among all the counties. The local Moran' I detected that HH clusters mainly in the capital and some rich places of Sichuan, while some mountain areas in eastern Sichuan displayed LL clusters. Four main findings should be paid attention to the whole health workforce of Sichuan province had an upward trend. Comparing with other provinces, the growth rate also was in a high rank; the areas with the scarcest resources were eastern place, including areas of Tsinling Mountains, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountains and the transition zone of mountains and basins; misdistribution of health workforce had two levels, among the province and cities; the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has enough intern while being short of other health technicians. Conclusions The policies makers should pay more attention to the eastern Sichuan. As to the intern-related policies, the primary health tasks did not achieve, Qinghai Tibet Plateau areas needed to find practical ways to attract the interns