Healthcare - associated infections: A public health problem

Revelas, Angela

doi:10.4103/0300-1652.103543

Cited by 217 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…According to a recent survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in 25 hospitalized patients [4.0 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI 95 % ), 3.7-4.4] is battling an HAI, defined as those infections acquired in hospital or healthcare service unit that first appear 48 h or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge following in-patient care (Revelas, 2012;Magill et al, 2014). Other causes for concern in many healthcare centres for patients with cancer are the high bacterial resistance rates and the rise of opportunistic multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii (Pongas et al, 2012;Fukuta et al, 2013;Marín et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of bla SPM-1, bla KPC, bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. from cancer patients with healthcare-associated infections

Jácome

Alves

Jácome-Júnior

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. are three of the pathogens most frequently involved in infections of cancer patients, and the production of b-lactamases is a major mechanism of resistance due to its wide diversity of existing enzymes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the microbiological profile and data related to patients and infections, and to search for b-lactamase genes in bacterial isolates from hospitalized cancer patients in a hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 169 isolates were recovered between 2012 and 2014, of which 58 were P. aeruginosa, 36 were Acinetobacter spp. and 75 were Klebsiella spp. A high percentage of carbapenem resistance was observed in P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. Among the carbapenem-resistant bacteria, the bla SPM-1 gene was detected in P. aeruginosa (35.5 %) and Acinetobacter spp. (3.8 %), while bla KPC was detected in P. aeruginosa (25.8 %) only. Among the third-and fourth-generation cephalosporin-resistant strains, in Klebsiella spp. we detected the genes bla TEM (30.6 %), bla CTX-M (58.3 %) and bla KPC (5.6 %), and in Acinetobacter spp. only bla TEM (25.9 %). This the first report of an Acinetobacter baumannii bla SPM-1 gene carrier that has been isolated in Brazil. The most frequent cancer types were bowel tumour [14.8 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI 95 % ) 9.8-21.1 %], breast cancer (13.6 %; CI 95 % 8.8-19.7 %) and prostate cancer (11.2%; CI 95 % 6.9-17.0 %). These results therefore provide knowledge of susceptibility profile and resistance mechanisms and thus can contribute to the strategic formulation of hospital infection control plans and the rational use of antimicrobials, reducing mortality from infection levels in cancer patients. frequency and severity of infections may be related to the use of potent cytotoxic drugs and increasingly invasive diagnostic tools (Maschmeyer & Haas, 2008;Wang et al., 2011). INTRODUCTIONGiven this vulnerability among patients with cancer, this population is more susceptible to community and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). According to a recent survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in 25 hospitalized patients [4.0 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI 95 % ), 3.7-4.4] is battling an HAI, defined as those infections acquired in hospital or healthcare service unit that first appear 48 h or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge following in-patient care (Revelas, 2012;Magill et al., 2014). Other causes for concern in many healthcare centres for patients with cancer are the high bacterial resistance rates and the rise of opportunistic multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii (Pongas et al., 2012;Fukuta et al., 2013;Marín et al., 2014).Gram-positive bacteria are described as the most frequent cause of HAIs in cancer patients, especially through bloodstream infection (Wisplinghoff et al., 2003;Maschmeyer & Haas, 2008;Wang et al., 2011; Kosmidis & Chandrasekar...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of bla SPM-1, bla KPC, bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. from cancer patients with healthcare-associated infections

Jácome

Alves

Jácome-Júnior

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Similarly in Afghanistan, one third of hospitals has no access to blood banks (Contini et al, 2010). Without the appropriate sanitary conditions and proper equipment, patients have a greater chance of acquiring surgical-site infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, blood-stream infections, or other health careassociated infections (Revelas, 2012). As a result of the financial climate, there are considerable disparities in hospital infrastructure and equipment that can put patients at an increased risk of mortality and morbidities.…”

Section: Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Burden of Surgical Disease: An Analysis on Inaccessible Surgical Care in Low and Middle Income Countries

Huynh

2018

RISS-IJHS

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Résumé :(traduction) À l'échelle mondiale, 4,8 milliards de personnes n'ont pas accès à des soins chirurgicaux ni à une gestion de l'anesthésie sécuritaires ou adéquats. Les soins chirurgicaux sont considérés comme « le parent pauvre de la santé mondiale »; un rappel frappant des disparités en matière de soins de santé. Les interventions chirurgicales peuvent prévenir 11 pour cent de la charge mondiale de morbidité et 1,5 million de morts annuellement. Cependant, de nombreux obstacles empêchent les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire (PRFI) d'accéder à des soins chirurgicaux. Le premier défi consiste à offrir des soins chirurgicaux efficients malgré les restrictions financières et les bouleversements politiques. De l'aide étrangère a été mise en place pour alléger le fardeau financier et ses contributions ont été essentielles. Mais dans certains pays, en raison du climat politique, les fonds destinés au domaine de la santé sont détournés vers d'autres secteurs du gouvernement. De plus, le manque d'infrastructure, d'équipement et de personnel dans les PRFI aggrave la situation. Le second défi consiste à déterminer si une intervention chirurgicale est possible et aussi efficace qu'une intervention non chirurgicale. Les soins chirurgicaux sont essentiels et cet article vise à évaluer quels sont les obstacles qui limitent l'importance qu'on leur accorde dans les discussions portant sur la santé mondiale. Cet article abordera l'impact du financement, de l'infrastructure, de la main-d'oeuvre, de la prestation de service et de la gestion de l'information sur les soins chirurgicaux, ainsi que les solutions actuelles telles que les missions d'aide humanitaire. Mots-clés :Services de santé, pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire, chirurgie 9 Abstract:Worldwide, 4.8 billion people do not have access to safe, adequate surgical care and anaesthetic management. Surgical care has been deemed "the neglected child of global health," a startling reminder of the disparities in health services. The provision of surgical interventions can avert 11% of the global burden of disease and 1.5 million deaths each year. Many obstacles exist for low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) to progress towards accessible surgical care. The first challenge is delivering cost-effective surgical care despite financial constraints and political turmoil. Foreign aid was established to alleviate the financial burden and its contributions have been pivotal. However, based on the political climate in certain countries, funds are siphoned to government sectors other than health care. Moreover, the lack of infrastructure, equipment, and personnel in LMIC compound the issue. The other challenge is determining if surgery is as feasible and effective as non-surgical health interventions. Surgical care is crucial and this paper aims to assess the challenges that limit its stature in global health discussions. The paper will address the influence of financing, infrastructure, workforce, service delivery, and information management on surgical care, and the curr...

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“…In the last two decades, with the increasing use of indwelling medical devices, nosocomial infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus spp., have become more prevalent as a cause of hospital-acquired infection [15]. Biomaterials associated infection is the most common issue associated with the biomaterial implants regardless of its form or function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Intercellular Adhesion Genes (Ica) in Staphylococcus Aureus Causing Implant Associated Infections

Prasanth

Saravanakumari²

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: The complications related to implant associated infections in post-angioplasty patients were considered to increase due to biofilm formation. Methods:Genes responsible for the biofilm formation in the target organisms was investigated in the present study. The presence of the intercellular adhesion biofilm genes (icaA, icaB and icaD) was determined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. As preliminary investigations, standard tests, exit-site challenge test and microtitre plate method were used to study the biofilm efficiency of five different test organisms.Results: Exit-site challenge test, was used to identify the ability of test organisms to grow on a bio-materials used in the study. Among the five selected test organisms, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest ability to colonize the stent materials with in 24h to 48h. In microtitre plate method, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis showed high biofilm forming index values of 0.29 and 0.27 respectively. Biofilm gene studies using PCR revealed the presence of all the three ica genes (Ica A, Ica D and, Ica B) in Staphylococcus aureus. The present research finding has great significance in the treatment to implant associated infections. Conclusions:The results suggest that the virulence factors contributing to the development of infections can be revealed by understanding the presence of biofilm expression genes in the target organisms. This would also prevent dissemination of virulent bacteria in the health care centre; method also considered significant to detect healthy carriers of slime-producing staphylococci.

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Healthcare - associated infections: A public health problem

Cited by 217 publications

References 21 publications

Detection of bla SPM-1, bla KPC, bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. from cancer patients with healthcare-associated infections

Detection of bla SPM-1, bla KPC, bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. from cancer patients with healthcare-associated infections

The Global Burden of Surgical Disease: An Analysis on Inaccessible Surgical Care in Low and Middle Income Countries

Detection of Intercellular Adhesion Genes (Ica) in Staphylococcus Aureus Causing Implant Associated Infections

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