Healthy effect of different proportions of marine ω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA supplementation in Wistar rats: Lipidomic biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation

Abstract

Dietary intervention with ω-3 marine fatty acids may potentially modulate inflammation and oxidative stress markers related with CVD, metabolic syndrome and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different proportions of ω-3 EPA and DHA intake provoke a modulation of the production of lipid mediators and then, an influence on different indexes of inflammation and oxidative stress in a controlled dietary animal experiment using Wistar rats. For such scope, a lipidomic SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS approach previously developed was applied to determine lipid mediators profile in plasma samples. The effect of ω-3 fatty acids associated to different ratios EPA:DHA was compared with the effect exerted by ω-3 ALA supplementation from linseed oil and ω-6 LA from soybean oil. CRP showed a tendency to greater inflammatory status in all ω-3-fed animals. Interestingly, ratios 1:1 and 2:1 EPA:DHA evidenced a noteworthy healthy effect generating a less oxidative environment and modulating LOX and COX activities toward a decrease in the production of proinflammatory ARA eicosanoids and oxidative stress biomarkers from EPA and DHA. In addition, the ability of 1:1 and 2:1 fish oil diets to reduce lipid mediator levels was in concurrence with the protective effect exerted by decreasing inflammatory markers as ω-6/ω-3 ratio in plasma and membranes. It was also highlighted the effect of a higher DHA amount in the diet reducing the healthy benefits described in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress. Results support the antiinflammatory and antioxidative role of fish oils and, particularly, the effect of adequate proportions EPA:DHA.

Modulation of Inflammatory Response to Implanted Biomaterials Using Natural Compounds

“…The data demonstrated that these three active ingredients of Omega 3 activate the SIRT1 pathway by inhibiting NF-κB and reducing IL-6 and TNF-α expression [96]. Clinical investigations have revealed that patients who receive an omega 3 treatment demonstrated a suppression in arachidonic acid [97, 98]. In addition, it was shown that omega 6 activates the choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and inhibited NF-κB activation [97, 98].…”

“…Clinical investigations have revealed that patients who receive an omega 3 treatment demonstrated a suppression in arachidonic acid [97, 98]. In addition, it was shown that omega 6 activates the choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and inhibited NF-κB activation [97, 98]. In another important study, Turnen et al found that TNF-α and IL-6 expression in serum decreased in patients who were treated with omega 3 [95].…”

Focusing on Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its Cardiovascular Complications

“…Higher blood levels of EPA plus DHA are associated with reduced fatal cardiac events. Both EPA and DHA [20] have been associated with improving vascular and cardiac hemodynamics, endothelial function, controlled blood pressure, reduced hypertriglyceridemia, and reduced insulin-insensitivity [21][22][23] .…”

Microencapsulação de esqualeno proveniente do óleo do fígado de cação-azul via precipitação com CO₂ supercrítico

“…Os ácidos graxos compõe um amplo grupo de moléculas que, do ponto de vista estrutural, podem ser classificadas quanto ao número de ligações duplas como saturadas Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados estão associados a inúmeros efeitos benéficos ao organismo e o óleo de peixe é uma reconhecida fonte destes compostos (DASILVA et al, 2015;GIRI et al, 2016;HUANG et al, 2015). De acordo com La Rovere e Christensen (2015), existem dois tipos de PUFA, os PUFA ω-3 e ω-6.…”

“…Os ácidos graxos essenciais, ácido linoleico e α-linolênico, não podem ser sintetizados por vertebrados e a alimentação deve suprir as necessidades para a manutenção de funções que, em humanos, são consideradas essenciais, tais como a manutenção da barreira de água da pele, função cerebral ótica, regulação do sistema imune e reprodução (BABIREKERE-IRISO et al, 2016 Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados estão associados a inúmeros efeitos benéficos ao organismo e o óleo de peixe é uma reconhecida fonte destes compostos (DASILVA et al, 2015;GIRI et al, 2016;HUANG et al, 2015 Para explicar a relação dos PUFA ω-3 com os múltiplos efeitos ao organismo, são apontados três mecanismos de ação dessa classe de substâncias: (i) incorporação em membranas celulares, (ii) interação direta com canais iônicos e outros componentes celulares e, (iii) ação como precursores de mediadores lipídicos ativos (BONAFINI et al, 2015).…”