Healthy values and de novo domestication of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum), a comparative view against Chenopodium quinoa

Zhao, Pengshan; Li, Xiaofeng; Sun, Hong; Zhao, Xinquan; Wang, Xiaohua; Ran, Ruilan; Zhao, Jiecai; Wei, Yuming; Liu, Xin; Chen, Guoxiong

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1999202

Cited by 14 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Sandrice is a pioneer species on mobile sands, being able to adapt to the cruel environment in deserts like extreme temperature, dehydration, and sand burial, and was proved to have a wide range of genetic and phenotypic variation among different populations, which was derived from local adaptation to their original marginal habitats ( Yin et al, 2016 ; Zhao et al, 2017 , 2022 ; Qian et al, 2021 ). Although this underutilized feed crop has not been domesticated, the seeds of sandrice have a long consumption history and are rich in essential amino acids, crude fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc., and tender stems and leaves of sandrice are wild feedings for livestock in the sandy areas, making it an ideal functional food and natural feed crop ( Li et al, 1992 ; Chen et al, 2014 ; Wang Q. et al, 2019 ; Han et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2021 ). Additionally, the aerial part of sandrice was documented as a medicinal plant for kidney inflammation, dyspepsia, antipyretic, and analgesic treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as well as in Mongolian medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics insights on flavonoid biosynthesis of a medicinal functional forage, Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.), based on a common garden trial covering six ecotypes

Fang

Zhou²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq., well known as sandrice, is an important wild forage in sandy areas and a promising edible and medicinal resource plant with great domestication potential. Previous studies showed flavonoids are one of the most abundant medicinal ingredients in sandrice, whereby isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin-3-glycoside were the top two flavonols with multiple health benefits. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids in sandrice remain largely unclear. Based on a common garden trial, in this study, an integrated transcriptomic and flavonoids-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on the vegetative and reproductive periods of six sandrice ecotypes, whose original habitats covered a variety of environmental factor gradients. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis unveiled that flavonoid accumulation in sandrice was positively correlated with temperature and UVB and negatively affected by precipitation and sunshine duration, respectively. Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated the bHLH and MYB transcription factor (TF) families might play key roles in sandrice flavonoid biosynthesis regulation. A total of 22,778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between ecotype DL and ecotype AEX, the two extremes in most environmental factors, whereby 85 DEGs could be related to known flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. A sandrice flavonoid biosynthesis network embracing the detected 23 flavonoids in this research was constructed. Gene families Plant flavonoid O-methyltransferase (AsPFOMT) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (AsUGT78D2) were identified and characterized on the transcriptional level and believed to be synthases of isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin-3-glycoside in sandrice, respectively. A trade-off between biosynthesis of rutin and isorhamnetin was found in the DL ecotype, which might be due to the metabolic flux redirection when facing environmental changes. This research provides valuable information for understanding flavonoid biosynthesis in sandrice at the molecular level and laid the foundation for precise development and utilization of this functional resource forage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics insights on flavonoid biosynthesis of a medicinal functional forage, Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.), based on a common garden trial covering six ecotypes

Fang

Zhou²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Due to its wide distribution, exceptional nutritional value, and high stress tolerance, sand rice has been promoted as a potential climate-resilient crop ( Chen et al , 2014 ; Zhao et al , 2021 ). Seed size is a key domestication trait in addition to its important ecological function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environment is highly vulnerable to climate change and human influences ( Lu et al , 2019 ), but despite this desert plants from Asian interior have rarely been the subject of global or regional research. Sand rice ( Agriophyllum squarrosum , Amaranthaceae) is widely distributed and adapted to mobile sand dunes in Central Asia, and has been promoted as having potential for development as a crop since its nutritional value is comparable with that of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa ) ( Chen et al , 2014 ; Zhao et al ., 2021 ). As a pioneer species, its establishment of populations paves the way for the invasion of other species, thereby initiating the vegetative restoration of active sand dunes in arid regions ( Nemoto and Lu, 1992 ; Zhang et al , 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation and local environment shape the geographic variation of seed size across natural populations of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum)

Zhao

Ran

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) is broadly distributed on sand dunes in Arid Asia Interior. Large intraspecific trait variation makes it as an optimal model to investigate the ecological process underlying the adaptation to desert environment. In this study, seed size variation across 68 natural populations was used to determine the geographic pattern and to quantify the effects of climate, soil, and collection-year weather variables. Seed major axis and thousands of seed weight (TSW) both showed significant longitudinal patterns. Long-term climate variables accounted for most of the explained variances of major axis (57.20%) and TSW (91.54%). Specifically, annual precipitation and PPTmin had the most significantly positive and negative effects, indicating that longitudinal clines are driven by a precipitation gradient across its distribution range. Substantial unique effect of soil variables (27.27%) was found for major axis variation, but only was 3.64% of TSW variation explained by soil variables. Two extreme groups were selected to evaluate the genetic and plastic effects on seed size in a common garden. Large-seeded individuals were more competitive in semi-arid regions, and had stronger adaptive plasticity, as well as better performance in early seedling establishment. Therefore, the large-seeded genotypes merit the following sand rice domestication and breeding.

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“…High saponin content in the outer layer of quinoa grains makes it a major limiting factor for quinoa as a table food [6,62]. Four saponin-related genes, AUR62025671, AUR62031838, AUR62025695, and AUR62025696, were identified to contain the CA3-1specific stop-gain variations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historical documents and archaeological evidence suggest that quinoa was already a traditional food for the native people of the Andes as early as 7000 years ago [3,4]. Due to its excellent tolerance to diverse environments and well-balanced nutritional values, quinoa has been characterized as a resilient crop [4][5][6] and has also been prized as a "whole grain" for human beings [7,8]. Since the year 2013 was named "the International Year of Quinoa" by the United Nations, the number of countries and regions cultivating quinoa have expanded substantially, reaching up to 100 2 of 18 in 2016 [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Variation Underlying the Breeding Selection of Quinoa Varieties Longli-4 and CA3-1 in China

Ran

Chen

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a well-known climate-resilient crop and has been introduced into multiple marginal lands across the world, including China, to improve food security and/or balanced nutrient supplies. Conventional breeding has been widely applied in the selection and breeding of quinoa varieties in China since 1980s; however, few studies have been implemented on the genetic variances among different varieties developed by diversity breeding objectives. In this study, the phenotypic and genetic differences between two varieties (Longli-4 and CA3-1) from China were systematically analyzed. A total of 407,651 and 2,731,411 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 212,724 and 587,935 small insertion and deletion (INDELs) were detected for Longli-4 and CA3-1, respectively, when compared with the reference genome of PI614886. The SNPs/INDELs were unevenly distributed across each chromosome for both varieties. There were 143,996 SNPs and 83,410 INDELs shared between Longli-4 and CA3-1, accounting for 4% of the total variances. The variation was then screened based on the SNP effects. There were 818 and 73 genes with the variety-specific non-synonymous and stop-gain variation in Longli-4, whereas there were 13,701 and 733 genes in CA3-1. Specifically, 3501 genes with the non-synonymous variation and 74 genes with the stop-gain variation were found in both Longli-4 and CA3-1. These results suggest that convergent selection occurred during the different breeding processes. A set of candidate genes related to agronomic traits and domestication were further selected to detect the genetic divergence in detail in the two varieties. Only one domestication gene was identified having Longli-4-specific stop-gain variation. Twelve candidate genes related to betalain (1), flowering (4), seed size (2), domestication (1), and saponin (4) were identified having CA3-1-specific stop-gain variation. Interestingly, one seed size gene homologous of CKX1 (cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 1) had the stop-gain variation in both varieties. This research will therefore provide guidance for the molecular-assisted breeding in quinoa.

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Healthy values and de novo domestication of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum), a comparative view against Chenopodium quinoa

Cited by 14 publications

References 143 publications

Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics insights on flavonoid biosynthesis of a medicinal functional forage, Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.), based on a common garden trial covering six ecotypes

Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics insights on flavonoid biosynthesis of a medicinal functional forage, Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.), based on a common garden trial covering six ecotypes

Precipitation and local environment shape the geographic variation of seed size across natural populations of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum)

Genomic Variation Underlying the Breeding Selection of Quinoa Varieties Longli-4 and CA3-1 in China

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