Heart attack risk perception biases among hypertension patients: The role of educational level and worry

Peterson, Laurel M.; Helweg‐Larsen, Marie; Volpp, Kevin G.; Kimmel, Stephen E.

doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.626856

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some of the educational inequalities in AMI incidence might also be explained by differences in health awareness,[41], [42] psychosocial factors[43], [44] or differences in compliance to treatment and adherence to advices on change of lifestyle [45]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Inequalities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Incidence in Norway: A Nationwide Cohort Study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIncreasing differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality across levels of education have been reported in Norway. The aim of the study was to investigate educational inequalities in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence and whether such inequalities have changed during the past decade using a nationwide longitudinal study design.MethodsData on 141 332 incident (first) AMIs in Norway during 2001–2009 were obtained through the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) project. Educational inequalities in AMI incidence were assessed in terms of age-standardised incidence rates stratified on educational level, incidence rate ratios (IRR), relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII). All calculations were conducted in four gender and age strata: Men and women aged 35–69 and 70–94 years.ResultsAMI Incidence rates decreased during 2001–2009 for all educational levels except in women aged 35–69 among whom only those with basic education had a significant decrease. In all gender and age groups; those with the highest educational level had the lowest rates. The strongest relative difference was found among women aged 35–69, with IRR (95% CI) for basic versus tertiary education 3.04 (2.85–3.24)) and RII (95% CI) equal to 4.36 (4.03–4.71). The relative differences did not change during 2001–2009 in any of the four gender and age groups, but absolute inequalities measured as SII decreased among the oldest men and women.ConclusionsThere are substantial educational inequalities in AMI incidence in Norway, especially for women aged 35–69. Relative inequalities did not change from 2001 to 2009.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Inequalities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Incidence in Norway: A Nationwide Cohort Study

et al. 2014

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“…For analysis, this response was dichotomized into (yes/no) “Agree/Strongly agree” versus “Disagree/Strongly disagree” that I am less likely to get diabetes. To assess perceived comparative risk of heart attack, participants were asked: “Compared to other people your age, how likely do you think it is that you could have a heart attack in your lifetime?” [20,21]. Participants could rate the likelihood of having a heart attack in their lifetime by selecting a number from 1 to 5, with 1 = much less likely, 3 = about the same risk, and 5 = much more likely.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family history and body mass index predict perceived risks of diabetes and heart attack among community-dwelling Caucasian, Filipino, Korean, and Latino Americans—DiLH Survey

Fukuoka

Choi

Bender

et al. 2015

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Aim The purpose of the study was to explore the perceived risk for diabetes and heart attack and associated health status of Caucasian, Filipino, Korean, and Latino Americans without diabetes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 904 urban adults (mean age 44.3 ± 16.1 years; 64.3% female) in English, Spanish or Korean between August and December 2013. Results Perceived risk for developing diabetes was indicated by 46.5% (n = 421), and 14.3% (n = 129) perceived themselves to be at risk for having a heart attack in their lifetime. Significant predictors of pessimistic diabetes risk perceptions: Filipino (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.04–2.86) and Korean (AOR = 2.4; 1.33–4.48) ethnicity, family history of diabetes (AOR = 1.4; 1.00–1.84), female gender (AOR = 1.4; 1.04–1.96), high cholesterol (AOR= 1.6; 1.09–2.37) and higher body mass index (BMI) (AOR = 1.1; 1.08–1.15). Predictors of pessimistic heart attack risk perceptions were family history of an early heart attack (AOR = 2.9; 1.69–5.02), high blood pressure (AOR = 2.4; 1.45–3.84), and higher BMI (AOR = 1.1; 1.04–1.12) after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Older age, physical inactivity, smoking, and low HDL levels were not associated with risk perceptions. Conclusion Multiple risk factors were predictive of greater perceived diabetes risk, whereas, only family history of heart attack, high blood pressure and increases in BMI significantly contributed to perceived risk of heart attack among ethnically diverse at risk middle-aged adults. It is important that healthcare providers address the discordance between an individual’s risk perceptions and the presence of actual risk factors.

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“…acknowledge the lack of work on income and education and optimistic bias. Their study on patients with hypertension found a significant effect from education (more education, more bias) but only equivocal findings from income . Income was found to be a predictor of the related phenomenon of unrealistic optimism .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An Assessment of Change in Risk Perception and Optimistic Bias for Hurricanes Among Gulf Coast Residents

et al. 2013

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This study focuses on levels of concern for hurricanes among individuals living along the Gulf Coast during the quiescent two-year period following the exceptionally destructive 2005 hurricane season. A small study of risk perception and optimistic bias was conducted immediately following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Two years later, a follow-up was done in which respondents were recontacted. This provided an opportunity to examine changes, and potential causal ordering, in risk perception and optimistic bias. The analysis uses 201 panel respondents who were matched across the two mail surveys. Measures included hurricane risk perception, optimistic bias for hurricane evacuation, past hurricane experience, and a small set of demographic variables (age, sex, income, and education). Paired t-tests were used to compare scores across time. Hurricane risk perception declined and optimistic bias increased. Cross-lagged correlations were used to test the potential causal ordering between risk perception and optimistic bias, with a weak effect suggesting the former affects the latter. Additional cross-lagged analysis using structural equation modeling was used to look more closely at the components of optimistic bias (risk to self vs. risk to others). A significant and stronger potentially causal effect from risk perception to optimistic bias was found. Analysis of the experience and demographic variables' effects on risk perception and optimistic bias, and their change, provided mixed results. The lessening of risk perception and increase in optimistic bias over the period of quiescence suggest that risk communicators and emergency managers should direct attention toward reversing these trends to increase disaster preparedness.

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Heart attack risk perception biases among hypertension patients: The role of educational level and worry

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Educational Inequalities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Incidence in Norway: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Educational Inequalities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Incidence in Norway: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Family history and body mass index predict perceived risks of diabetes and heart attack among community-dwelling Caucasian, Filipino, Korean, and Latino Americans—DiLH Survey

An Assessment of Change in Risk Perception and Optimistic Bias for Hurricanes Among Gulf Coast Residents

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