Heart dimensions may influence the occurrence of the heart rate deflection point in highly trained cyclists.

Lucı́a, Alejandro; Carvajal, Alfredo; Boraita, Araceli; Serratosa, Luis; Hoyos, Jesús; Chicharro, José López

doi:10.1136/bjsm.33.6.387

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Each of 3 tests were performed on a cycle ergometer (Ergometrics 900; Ergo-line; Barcelona, Spain) following a ramp protocol until exhaustion. This type of protocol has been used for the physiological evaluation of professional cyclists in several previous studies [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Starting at 0 W, the workload was increased by 25 W · min Ϫ1 and pedaling cadence was maintained from 70 to 90 rpm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prabhu et al [50], however, found no change in VT, f b , or TI/TTOT with varying pedaling rates from 40 to 80 rpm. In the present investigation, we have followed the methodology of previous studies with professional cyclists [13][14][15][16][17][18], in which subjects were allowed to choose their preferred cadence within the range of 70 to 90 rpm. This can better simulate actual cycling conditions compared with tests at a fixed cadence.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

Lucı́a

Hoyos²,

Pardo³

et al. 2001

JJP

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[6][7][8]. From some of these data, it appears that physical training causes tidal volume (VT) to increase and breathing frequency ( f b ) to decrease for a given level of minute ventilation (VE). For example, extremely fit oarswomen exhibit a slower, deeper breathing pattern than less-fit oarswomen or sedentary subjects [8]. Some other cross-sectional studies, however, provide no definitive evidence of a change toward a "slower deeper breathing" with endurance training [5,7]. On the other hand, surprisingly little research has focused on analyzing the effects of training on breathing pattern by using a longitudinal design. In a prospective study, McParland and co-workers [9] reported no significant effect of shortterm activity specific endurance training (five weekly sessions of 40 min each at ϳ75% VO 2 max ) on the breathing pattern of healthy, nontrained individuals. Comparable findings were obtained by Clark et al.[10] in nontrained subjects. Recently, Miyachi and Katayama reported that the hyperventilatory response of moderately trained subjects during heavy exercise

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

Lucı́a

Hoyos²,

Pardo³

et al. 2001

JJP

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“…Several investigators report that the HR d only occurs in certain subjects, and if detected, does not necessarily coincide with the AT [6][7][8]. In a recent report from our laboratory, we found the existence of HR d in the majority of a group of professional road cyclists (ϳ70% of a total of 21 subjects) [9].…”

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confidence: 96%

Heart Rate Response during Incremental Exercise in Master Runners.

Lucı́a

Carvajal²,

Pérez³

et al. 2000

JJP

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Abstract:We analyzed the kinetics of heart rate (HR) response during incremental treadmill exercise in thirteen master runners (62Ϯ1 yr). The HR/running speed (HR/S ) relationship showed the existence of a point of downward deflection (HR d ) in only ϳ31% of the subjects.Resting echocardiographic evaluations showed similar heart dimensions in all of the subjects. In conclusion, HR does not seem to show a curvilinear response (downward deflection) in most aged athletes.

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“…In addition, despite the long duration of cycling events such as 3-week stage races, the relative contribution of intense exercise is surprisingly high during the more physically taxing events (mountain passes, time trials, sprints, "breakaways" etc.) [1].Several investigators have analyzed a number of physiological variables in professional cyclists, both in laboratory [2][3][4][5][6][7] and field settings [1,[8][9][10]. However, no prospective, long-term investigation has established the specific physiological adaptations which occur in professional cyclists as a response to training and competition during a typical sports season (generally including different periods in terms of training volume and/or intensity; i.e., precompetition or training, competition, and postcompetition or "active" rest periods).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Neuromuscular Adaptations to Endurance Training in Professional Cyclists. A Longitudinal Study.

Lucía

Hoyos²,

Pardo³

et al. 2000

JJP

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Professional road cycling is an extreme endurance sport. Approximately 30,000-35,000 km are cycled each year and the racing season of professional riders includes ϳ90 competition days. In addition, despite the long duration of cycling events such as 3-week stage races, the relative contribution of intense exercise is surprisingly high during the more physically taxing events (mountain passes, time trials, sprints, "breakaways" etc.) [1].Several investigators have analyzed a number of physiological variables in professional cyclists, both in laboratory [2][3][4][5][6][7] and field settings [1,[8][9][10]. However, no prospective, long-term investigation has established the specific physiological adaptations which occur in professional cyclists as a response to training and competition during a typical sports season (generally including different periods in terms of training volume and/or intensity; i.e., precompetition or training, competition, and postcompetition or "active" rest periods). In a recent study (unpublished data), we found no overall training-effect on the ventilatory response (i.e., pulmonary ventilation, tidal volume, ventilatory equivalents, "timing" of respiration, etc.) in the same 13 subjects who formed the present study population. It was therefore considered of interest to extend this investigation to determine whether meta- ]. Finally, rms-EMG tended to increase during the season, with significant differences (pϽ0.05) observed mainly between the competition and rest periods at most workloads. In contrast, precompetition MPF values increased (pϽ0.05) with respect to resting values at most submaximal workloads but fell (pϽ0.05) during the competition period. Our findings suggest that endurance conditioning induces the following general adaptations in elite athletes: (1) lower circulating lactate and increased reliance on aerobic metabolism at a given submaximal intensity, and possibly (2) an enhanced recruitment of motor units in active muscles, as suggested by rms-EMG data.

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Heart dimensions may influence the occurrence of the heart rate deflection point in highly trained cyclists.

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

Heart Rate Response during Incremental Exercise in Master Runners.

Metabolic and Neuromuscular Adaptations to Endurance Training in Professional Cyclists. A Longitudinal Study.

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