Heart rate variability helps to distinguish the intensity of menopausal symptoms: A prospective, observational and transversal study

Abstract

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) represents cardiac autonomic behavior and have been related to menopausal symptoms, mainly vasomotor symptoms and their imbalance to cardiovascular risk. It is not clear in the literature which index represents this imbalance and what is their involvement with the menopausal state. The aim of this study was to evaluate HRV in menopausal transition and post-menopausal symptoms with different intensities. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Rio Branco, State of Acre, Brazil from October 2016 to July 2017. We used Kupperman-Blatt Menopausal Index (KMI) to measure menopausal symptoms intensity. HRV analysis was performed based on the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. HRV is lower in the group with moderate/intense menopausal symptoms compared to mild symptoms.

Autonomic cardiac modulation in postmenopausal women with dry eye syndrome: a cross-sectional analytical study

“…About age at menarche and age at menopause, both groups presented similar results to those found in the literature 5,9,10 . Socioeconomic differences observed have also been described in previous Brazilian studies 5,7,8,10 .…”

“…DES group had a lower BMI and a higher percentage of physical activity practitioners than the control group. Mean chronological age corroborated the studies [5][6][7] that analyzed hormonal relationships in postmenopausal women with DES. About age at menarche and age at menopause, both groups presented similar results to those found in the literature 5,9,10 .…”

“…Jones et al 14 analyzed the intensity of menopausal symptoms and HRV and reported a decrease in all HRV indices in both groups of postmenopausal women. Studies with different objectives also reported decreased cardiac autonomic regulation in postmenopausal women 7,9,[16][17][18] .…”

“…Heart rate variability (HRV) is an effective; noninvasive method to evaluate ANS function; being used in different situations, such as postmenopause, vasomotor symptoms (VMS), and their endocrine, nervous, and morbidity relationships. HRV has been considered as a homeostasis imbalance marker in women [7][8][9] .…”

Alterations in Heart rate Variability in Blind Patients

“…The HRV analysis in the time domain showed that the indexes (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) evaluated in this study were similar during the resting period comparing blind patients and normal vision subjects. The SDNN is considered a marker of the total power (variance) of the HRV, expressing the long-term component responsible for the variability in the period of registration of the HR [21]. The SDNN index were not different in blind and normal vision subjects during resting, intervention and recovery, and regardless the period appraised in this study, the SDNN values were above 50 ms and below 100 ms.…”