Heartbeat-Sensing Mechanoluminescent Device Based on a Quantitative Relationship between Pressure and Emissive Intensity

Abstract

Although the mechanism of mechanoluminescent (ML) luminogens has been gradually improved, its practical application is severely limited by the randomness of crystal collapse. Some additional groups are utilized to help the molecule build a new equilibrium of orderly molecular arrangement after the force stimuli. The relationship between pressure and ML intensity has been established based on devices fabricated by tPE-2-Th. Furthermore, the flexible and wearable ML device demonstrates potential applications in communications, information storage, and health care.

Triboluminescence of a new family of CuI–NHC complexes in crystalline solid and in amorphous polymer films

“…Currently, TL materials are considered as promising targets for the development of damage sensors [4][5][6][7] or other types of "smart" materials that can nd application in information storage or health care devices. 8 Among known TL coordination compounds, complexes of rare earth elements, Eu III and Tb III , are the most widely known. [9][10][11] A limited number of triboluminescent transition metal (TM) complexes have also been reported, including Ru II , 12 Pt II , 13 Mn II , [14][15][16] and Cu I .…”

Near-infrared mechanoluminescence crystals: a review

“…Also, since stable load generates no ML, we also believe that only pulsed biomechanical behaviors can be visualized using ML techniques. For this, one can find more evidence in the heartbeat-sensing ML device ( Wang et al., 2020 ).

Figure 7 Biological tissue penetration experiments (A and B) (A) The thickest tissue used in this test; (B) ML spectra under 1000 N after passing through different tissue samples: (top) 2 mm skin; (middle) 2 mm skin +8 mm fat; and (bottom) 2 mm skin +8 mm fat +12 mm meat.

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“…For non-crystalline MLs such as in organic systems, one can refer to corresponding review for details [ Xie and Li, 2018 ]. Pure organic MLs have already found applications in health care [ Wang et al., 2020 ], piezo-display [ Li et al., 2018c ], or impact sensor [ Incel et al., 2017 ].). For known ML systems, only lanthanide ions (Nd 3+ , Pr 3+ , Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ , and so on) were confirmed to function as NIR ML emitters, where Nd 3+ ion dominates the number in those NIR ML materials.…”

Force-induced charge carrier storage: a new route for stress recording

“…Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials featuring photon emission under mechanical stimuli have attracted the attention of material scientists, physicists and engineers 1 – 6 due to their promising applications in structure damage diagnosis platforms, E-signature systems, artificial skins and optical anti-counterfeiting devices 7 – 12 . By using photons as mediators, ML materials could enable remote stress sensing (no contact between the pressed units and detectors) 13 , 14 as well as distributed monitoring for large-scale surfaces or complex interfaces 15 , 16 , which are still great challenges for conventional stress sensing methods based on the piezoelectric effect and resistance or capacitance changes. Generally, ML-based stress sensing is a real-time sensing method, giving a fast response to an applied mechanical stimulus 17 , 18 .…”